【作者】 尚慧丽；

【导师】 王德章；

【作者基本信息】 东北财经大学 ， 产业经济学， 2010， 博士

【副题名】以黑龙江省为例

【摘要】 通过服务业的发展来优化产业结构是近些年来国外产业结构优化的主要特征,这也是与产业结构演进的规律相符合的。20世纪以来,西方发达国家经济发展过程中最突出的表现就是服务业的增加值和就业比重不断地攀升,服务业取代了制造业的社会主导产业地位,成为了优化产业结构的突破口。国外的发展为我们提供了借鉴和指导,中国也进入了通过服务业的发展来推动产业结构优化的历史时期,国家出台一系列的政策和措施以鼓励和刺激服务业的发展,服务业在中国经济发展中的战略产业地位也越来越明晰,积极发展服务业以推进产业结构的优化是中国当前和今后一段时期内经济发展的中心任务。有鉴于此,本文立足于黑龙江省,这个产业结构优化问题一直都很严峻的老工业基地,从产业发展的视角,应用了文献研究法、描述性研究法、数量研究法、系统科学方法、比较研究等方法,对通过服务业的发展来推进黑龙江省产业结构优化的问题进行了研究。黑龙江省作为中国建国之初的经济强省、工业重镇,曾经为中国工业经济的发展做出过巨大的贡献。但自上世纪90年代以来,黑龙江省在长期计划经济体制下积累的深层次结构性和体制性矛盾充分显现,经济发展迟缓,面临着产业结构落后带来的种种问题,产业结构调整的任务艰巨而迫切。目前,黑龙江省产业结构中存在的各种问题,例如第一产业效率低、第二产业大而不强,都与黑龙江省服务业发展落后有直接的关系。虽然黑龙江省的服务业经过多年的发展,其产值占GDP的比重已经超过第一产业,上升到了第二位,但是从总体上来说,黑龙江省服务业事实上的总量和结构上的问题成为了制约经济增长和产业结构优化的瓶颈,黑龙江省服务业自身低水平的发展使其无法为第一、第二产业提供优质的服务支持和形成互动的发展,造成了更为严重的产业结构不协调问题,使得产业结构的调整更为复杂和艰难。服务业在工业化中后期阶段将呈现快速发展是一个客观规律,黑龙江省刚刚进入工业化中期阶段的初期,即将迎来一个大的发展时期。那么如何迎接这一大发展的时期呢?全面支持、引导服务业快速发展,进而推动黑龙江省产业结构的优化。这是一个迫切需要解决的问题。因此,加快发展服务业对推动黑龙江省产业结构的调整和优化具有重要意义。论文从综述和梳理服务业和产业结构相关理论入手,应用理论原理作为依据研究了服务业发展与产业结构优化二者之间的相互依存关系,并从对国内外典型国家和地区服务业发展与产业结构优化升级的实践研究中获得了进一步的证实。在此基础上对黑龙江省服务业发展与产业结构优化二者之间的关系进行了实证研究,研究结果表明黑龙江省服务业的发展与产业结构的优化二者之间并没有形成良性的互动发展,黑龙江省服务业对产业结构优化缺乏推动作用,而造成这一局面的主要原因就是黑龙江省服务业的发展缓慢,由此导致了其对于产业结构优化的潜力没有发挥出来。在论证了黑龙江省应以发展服务业来推动产业结构优化的基础上,提出了加快黑龙江省服务业的发展以推动产业结构优化的策略选择。论文整体的结构可以分为四大部分,具体安排如下：第一部分,绪论和理论研究。具体包括第一、第二章的内容,主要阐述本文的研究背景、理论和现实意义、研究方法及论文的结构安排；综述了国内外的相关文献；阐明了本文的创新点和不足之处；概述了产业结构理论、服务业基础理论、创新理论、产业融合理论和产业竞争力理论,这些理论为本文的研究建立了坚实的理论基础。第二部分,黑龙江省服务业发展与产业结构优化关系的研究。这一部分主要包括四章的内容,即第三、四、五、六章。首先,在文献综述和理论研究的基础上,本文在第三章对服务业发展与产业结构优化的关系进行了探索性的研究。从理论方面证明了服务业发展与产业结构优化二者的相互依存关系：产业结构的优化促进服务业全面发展,服务业的发展推进产业结构优化。其中侧重于对服务业推进产业结构优化的作用机理进行了深入的探讨。在第四章研究了美国、日本、德国的鲁尔区、中国的山东省和浙江省服务业在产业结构优化中的重要作用,既印证了理论假设,又为实践提供了借鉴和指导。其次,将第三章的研究结论应用于对黑龙江省的研究,在第五章中侧重于研究产业结构对服务业发展的促进作用,在第六章则侧重于研究服务业发展对产业结构的推动作用。第五、第六章的研究结论表明黑龙江省服务业发展与产业结构优化没有形成紧密的相互依存、相互促进的关系,黑龙江省产业结构对服务业的发展缺乏促进作用,同时黑龙江省服务业的发展对产业结构优化的推动作用也是相当的有限。二者要形成互动发展的关键就是要积极发展服务业以推动产业结构优化。第三部分,通过服务业的发展来推动黑龙江省产业结构优化的依据及策略选择。这一部分具体包括论文的第七章和第八章的内容。在第七章,我们构建了黑龙江省三次产业产出与总产值的计量模型,通过对模型的分析,从黑龙江省产业结构优化的角度得出发展服务业是推动黑龙江省产业结构优化、继而形成二者互动发展的关键。目前,在黑龙江省经济的发展主要是依靠第一和第二产业的发展推动的,服务业并不是黑龙江省的主导产业,那么选择其作为产业结构优化的重点和突破口的依据是什么呢?服务业主导经济已经和正在成为现代经济的趋势,黑龙江省实现可持续发展以及建设“八大经济区”、实施“十大工程”都离不开服务业的发展和支持,同时积极发展服务业也是黑龙江省主导产业发展的需要,另外发展服务业对于黑龙江省来说缓解就业压力,建立创新型城市都具有重要的意义,而且黑龙江省还具有快速发展服务业的条件。表现在黑龙江省第一、第二产业的发展为服务业的快速发展提供了基础；黑龙江省的服务业具有较强的成长能力；另外,黑龙江省较高的城市化水平也为服务业的快速发展创造了有利的条件。那么应该如何发展呢?论文在第八章提出了以下对策和建议：首先要优化服务业发展的制度环境,即要加快和完善市场经济建设、加强和完善有关的法律法规、制定合理的产业政策,还要注重发挥行业协会对服务业的引导作用；其次要选择信息服务业、现代金融业、现代商贸流通服务业、研发产业、现代旅游业和农林牧渔服务业为重点发展领域,积极发展现代服务业；再次要加强传统服务业与现代服务业、农村服务业与城市服务业、服务业与其他产业的协调发展；最后要通过组建大企业集团、实施标准竞争、开发人力资源建立多层次的服务业人才培养体系等手段提高服务企业自身的竞争力。第四部分,研究结论。仅包括最后的第九章。归纳、总结全文。根据以上的研究得出了十条主要的结论,期望能对加快黑龙江省服务业的发展、促进产业结构优化有所贡献。在以上研究的过程中论文试图在以下几个方面进行创新：一是在理论上归纳总结了服务业发展与产业结构优化的关系,侧重对服务业发展推进产业结构优化作用的机理进行了探索性的研究。关于服务业、产业结构的研究成果非常多,但是对二者关系的研究却是少而又少,本文的研究弥补了相关研究的不足。二是丰富了服务业竞争力评价的相关理论和评价方法。论文设计、构建了服务业与现代服务业竞争力评价指标体系,并应用因子分析法对黑龙江省服务业与现代服务业的竞争力进行了实证分析,通过比较研究,对黑龙江省服务业和现代服务业进行了综合评价。三是填补了服务业省域实证研究的空缺。构建了黑龙江省产业结构优化的模型,通过量化分析,对应加快黑龙江省服务业快速发展推进产业结构优化的决策提供了依据。注重理论联系实际,论文对大量的数据进行了分析和处理,以使得提出的对策更加符合黑龙江省的实际情况。更多还原

【Abstract】 In recent years, it is the main feature to optimize the industrial structure by developing service industry in west countries. And it is accordance with the rules of industrial structure evolution. From 20th century, the most important trend is the increase of service industry both in output and in employment during the economic development in the west. The result is that service industry replaces the leading industrial position of the second industry and becomes the gap of industrial structure optimization. They offer us experiences and the direction. In this background, China has entered a particular period of optimizing industrial structure by developing service industry and the government discloses a lot of policies and measurements to promote the development of service industry. The strategic industrial position of service industry in Chinese economic development is more and more clear and to develop service industry initiatively to optimize industrial structure is the core task in nowadays and a period time from now in China. In view of this, the dissertation chooses the Heilongjiang Province, the old industrial base which the optimization of industrial structure is always serious, from the point of development of industries, applies the methods of document research, descriptive research, metering research, systematic research, comparative research and etc. to study on how to optimize the industrial structure by developing service industry in Heilongjiang Province.As the economic strong province, industrial base, Heilongjiang devoted largely to the development of Chinese industrial economy at the establishmen of China. But since the 90th last century, there are a lot of problems and contradictions brought about by the planned economic system in long time, the task of the adjustment of industrial structure is very difficult and urgent. All the problems existed in Heilongjiang’s industrial structure are related directly with the laggard development of service industry. Though the Heilongjiang’s service industry develops a lot and its rate has been by far better than the first industry, its development is lagging behind. Which means it cann’t offer excellent service support for other industries and makes the unbalanced industrial structure more seriously. It is true that the service industry will develop quickly in the middle and late stage of industrilization. Heilongjiang is in the early time of the middle stage of industrilizaiton and will welcome a quick developing time. How to do? The best answer is to fully support, guild the quick development of service industry and then promote the optimization of industrial structure. It is a pressing problem to solve.So, it is meaningful to quicken the development of service industry in Heilongjiang Province in order to adjust and optimize the industrial structure. The dissertation begins with the summary of theories on service industry and industrial structure, and on this basis researches the relationship between the development of service industry and the optimization of industrial structure. By studying the typical countries and other provinces in China on how the development of service industry and the optimization of industrial structure interact in their practice, the paper confirms their interdependent relationship further. Then, what about the relationship between the development of service industry and the optimization of industrial structure in Heilongjiang Province is? The research result is that there is no interaction between them in Heilongjiang Province. The development of service industry promotes the optimization of industrial structure weakly in Heilongjiang Province, and the main reason forms it is the laggard development of service industry. So, the dissertation points out that it is very important to quicken the development of service industry in order to promote the optimization of industrial structure in Heilongjiang Province. At last, the paper puts forward the tactics to quicken the development of service industry in Heilongjiang Province. The whole paper can be divided into four parts and the main contents are given as follows.The first part is the introduction to the whole paper and the theoretical review and summary. It includes chapter 1 and chapter 2. On the basis of introducing the research background, research significance, research methods and the structure of the dissertation, this part summarizes the document related at home and abroad, states the innovations and defects of the paper, sums up the the theories on industrial structure, the development of service industry, industrial policies and industrial competitive strength which offer the firm theoretical base for the paper.The second part is mainly about the research on the relationship between the development of service industry and the optimization of industrial structure in Heilongjing Province. It includes three chapters, i.e. chapter 3, chapter 4, chapter 5 and chapter 6. Firstly, on the basis of the summary of documents and theories, the chapter 3 researches the the relationship between the development of service industry and the optimization of industrial structure exploratorily and proves the interdependent relationship between them from the theroy point. The optimization of industrial structure can push ahead the development of service industry and on the other side the development of service industry can promote the optimization of industrial structure. And the last side is the most important. In chapter 4, the paper studies some typical countries and regions, such as U.S., Japan, Germany, Shandong Province and Zhejiang Province in China on the function that service industry played in the process of the optimization of industrial structure in their practice. The research result proves the theories above and gives us guildence. Then, the paper applies the theories acquired from chapter 3 to the following research. Chapter 5 is mainly studied on how the optimization of industrial structure to push ahead the development of service industry in Heilongjiang Province and chapter 6 is mainly studied on how the development of service industry to promote the optimization of industrial structure in Heilongjiang Province. The conclusion is that there is no interaction between them in Heilongjiang Province. To make the development of service industry and the optimization of industrial structure interact each other, the key is to quicken the development of service industry.The third part is focused on the reasons why the paper points out to quciken the development of service industry is the preferred means to optimize the industrial structure in Heilongjiang Province and the tactices that can be paid much attention to. It includes two chapters, i.e. chapter 7 and chapter 8. Chapter 7 builds the optimization model of industrial structure of Heilongjiang Province and by analyzing it, the paper gets the conclusion that the development of service industry is the core to promote the optimization of industrial structure and let them interact each other. Though the development of Heilongjiang’s economy is mainly advanced by the first and the second industry, the service industry isn’t the leading industry in Heilongjiang Province, the paper points out it is still the gap to the optimization of industrial structure and then gives the reasons as follows. The service industry leading economy is becoming and has become the trend of modern economy and it is impossible for Heilongjiang Province cann’t follow it. For the sake of developing continuously, realizing the "Eight Economic Districts" and "Ten Biggest Items" brought up by the government of Heilongjiang Province, developing of leading industries, alleviating and settling the employment problems, building innovative cities, all these cann’t accomplish without the support of sevice industry. And in Heilongjiang Province, there are some advantageous conditions for the quick development of service industry. Then, how to develop it? Chapte 8 gives some ideas, such as optimizing the systematic environment of service industry; choosing the main fields especially the modern service industry, such as information service industry, modern financial service indusry, modern circulation service industry, modern touristic service industry, R&D service industry and etc.; coordinating the service industry with the other industries; increasing the competitive strength of service enterprises by organizing key enterprises or enterprise groups, applying standard competition, developing talents pool.The fourth part is the last part which makes several conclusions of the whole paper and it includes only chapter 9. It overviews the whole paper and make twelve conclusions. The author hopes the research results will be helpful to quicken the development of service industry and optimize of industrial structure in Heilongjiang Province.In the process of research, the author tries to innovate as follows. Firstly, the paper summarizes the relationship between the development of service industry and the optimization of industrial structure theoretically, especially the functions that service industry plays in the process of industrial structure optimization. Secondly, the papar designs the evaluating norm systems of service industry and modern service industry, applies the factor analysis method to research the competitive strength of Heilongjiang’s service industry and riches the related theories. Thirdly, the dissertation constructs the optimization model of Heilongjiang’s industrial structure and it offers the base of decisions. The paper uses a lot of data to analyze and fills in the related theories.更多还原