【作者】 贾欣；

【导师】 王淼；

【作者基本信息】 中国海洋大学 ， 农业经济与管理， 2010， 博士

【摘要】 海洋生态资源是人类生存与发展必不可少的基础条件,海洋生态系统为社会经济的可持续发展提供了重要的服务价值。但是由于海洋生态资源具有外部性和公共物品性的特征,在海洋资源的管理中又存在着市场失灵和政府失灵等原因,造成了严重的海洋生态损失、阻碍了海洋生态保护与建设。有鉴于此,必须建立海洋生态补偿机制以调整海洋资源开发中的各相关利益方的环境利益关系,使海洋生态破坏者和受益者支付相应的环境成本、海洋生态保护和建设者得到应有的环境收益。因此,针对海洋生态补偿机制的构建进行综合研究,探索海洋生态补偿量的计量方法,并相应的提出海洋生态补偿机制的实施对策具有重要意义。这可为各级海洋管理部门建立相应的海洋生态补偿机制提供理论依据,为政府制定海洋发展战略及海洋环境经济政策提供理论依据和实践指导,对实现激励海洋生态保护和建设、抑制海洋生态破坏的调控目标,促进海洋生态资源的可持续利用具有深远的现实意义。本文运用定性与定量相结合、系统分析、综合集成等方法在分析当前我国海洋资源开发中的海洋生态损失现状的基础上,以海洋生态损失的主要成因为切入点,以海洋生态补偿机制的构建为主线,分析了海洋生态补偿机制的各个要素,引入海洋生态服务价值评估理论与方法建立了基十海洋生态损失评价的海洋生态补偿量的模型,通过对海洋生态补偿机制进行多层次、多角度的综合研究,提出了海洋生态补偿机制实施的保障和对策。本文的主要研究内容是：1)剖析了海洋生态损失的主要成因,指出了建立海洋生态补偿机制的的重要意义并分析了观念、技术、资金及制度方面的不利于海洋生态补偿的影响因素。2)在深入研究海洋生态服务机理和海洋生态服务分类体系的基础上,界定了海洋生态价值的内涵、特征,从不同的角度对海洋生态价值的分类及构成进行了研究。在此基础上,分析了海洋生态价值对于经济社会发展的意义。3)通过分析海洋生态损失过程确定了主要的海洋生态损失形式,在深入分析海洋生态损失价值计量原理的基础之上探讨了适用的计量方法,针对不同的海洋生态损失形式建立了相应的计量模型。基于海洋生态损失计量模型建立了海洋生态补偿量的计量模型。4)深入分析了海洋生态补偿的内涵、特征、原因、条件,通过对国内外生态补偿实践的研究总结了海洋生态补偿的类型、构成、范围及重点。对海洋生态补偿机制构建的指导思想、基本原则和总体目标进行了总体设计。对海洋生态补偿的主体、对象、方式、手段、标准及流程等各要素进行了分析。5)从法律、体制、政策、组织、资金、风险方面提出了海洋生态补偿机制实施的保障,在分析海洋生态补偿机制实施的障碍与问题的基础上提出了相应的实施对策。更多还原

【Abstract】 Marine ecological resources are essential for human survival and development of the basic conditions. Marine ecosystems provide important value of the services for sustainable socio-economic development. However, due to the externalities and public goods nature of marine ecological resources,the existence of market failure and government failure in the management of marine resources and other reasons, serious loss of marine ecology has been caused, and also hinders the marine ecological protection and building. For this reason, the marine eco-compensation mechanism must be established to adjust the environmental interests of the various stakeholders during the development of marine resources, so that the marine ecology saboteurs and beneficiaries pay for the corresponding environmental costs, and protector and builder of the marine ecology benefits they deserve. Therefore, a comprehensive study for the construction of marine ecological compensation mechanism, exploration of the measurement methods of the amount of marine ecological compensation, and proposal of the corresponding countermeasures of the implementation are of great significance.This can provide a theoretical basis for marine management department at all levels to establish the appropriate compensation mechanism in the marine ecosystem.It also can provide theoretical basis and practical guidance for the Government to formulate marine development strategies and marine environmental economic policies.Meanwhile, it is of far-reaching practical significance to achieve the objectives of macro-control, so as to motivate marine ecological protection and construction, to inhibit marine ecological damage and promote the sustainable development and use of marine ecological resources.In this paper, combining qualitative and quantitative, systems analysis, comprehensive and integrated methods are used in the study. Based on the analysis of the status quo of the marine ecosystem loss in the current development of China’s marine resources, the study takes the main reasons of marine ecosystem loss as the breakthrough point, takes the construction of marine ecological compensation mechanism as the main line, analyses the various elements of the marine eco-compensation mechanism. It also establishes the measurement models of the amount of marine ecological compensation based on the evaluation of loss of marine ecology under the guidance of marine ecosystem services assessment theory and methods.At the same time, through comprehensive study of marine ecological compensation mechanism from multi-level and multi-angle, this article puts forward the security and countermeasures for the implementation of marine ecological compensation mechanism.The main research of this article focuses on:Firstly, the article analyzes the main causes of the loss of marine ecology, points out that the important significance of the establishment of marine ecological compensation mechanism, and analyzes the adverse factors of marine ecological compensation from the concept, technical, financial and institutional aspects.Secondly, after depth study of the marine ecosystem service mechanism and the marine ecosystem services classification system, this article defines the content and the characteristics of the marine ecological values, and studies the classification and composition of the marine ecological value from different angles.On this basis, the article analyzes the significance of marine ecological value for economic and social development.Thirdly, by analyzing the process of the loss of marine ecology, the article determines the major forms of the loss of marine ecology. In-depth analysis of the principle of the applicable measurement method, the article establishes the corresponding econometric models for different forms of the loss of marine ecology. Based on the above, the article establishes the econometric models for marine ecological compensation amount.Fourthly, this article analyzes the content, characteristics, causes, and conditions of the marine eco-compensation, and summarizes the types, composition, scope and focus of marine eco-compensation through the research of the practice of ecological compensation at home and abroad.In general, the article describes the guiding ideology, basic principles and overall objectives of the construction of marine eco-compensation mechanism.In addition, it also analyzes the main body, objects, methods, tools, standards and procedures, and other factors of the marine eco-compensation.Fifth, the article proposes the security of the implementation of marine eco-compensation mechanism from the legal,institutional, policy, organizational, financial,risk. It puts forward the corresponding countermeasures for the implementation of marine eco-compensation mechanism on the basis of the analysis of the obstacles and problems, which may occur in the course of implementation of marine eco-compensation mechanism.更多还原