【作者】 徐连章；

【导师】 高强；

【作者基本信息】 中国海洋大学 ， 渔业经济与管理， 2010， 博士

【摘要】 我国海洋渔业同世界上许多渔业一样,面临着严重的资源衰退问题,主要表现在资源过度利用、渔业生产秩序混乱、生态环境恶化等方面。制度资源的短缺是目前制约当前海洋渔业资源可持续利用的关键因素。本文通过引入新制度经济学理论,以交易费用为主线,对渔业资源利用问题进行模型分析,在此基础上建立海洋渔业资源利用的制度分析框架。在对海洋渔业资源利用的产权制度、政府规制和组织制度逐一分析后,借鉴国外渔业发达国家渔业制度的经验,提出我国海洋渔业资源可持续利用的制度创新建议。具体研究的内容和成果主要体现在以下几个方面：一、构建了海洋渔业资源可持续利用的制度分析框架。通过规范分析的方法,利用戈登—希佛、共有财产悲剧、囚徒困境和集体行动逻辑四个经典模型分析渔业制度的起源。在新制度经济学理论基础上,分析了海洋渔业资源利用产权制度、政府规制和组织制度的内在逻辑关系。三者的逻辑联系形成了本文的制度分析框架。二、通过对海洋渔业资源利用的产权制度研究,阐述了海洋渔业资源产权的内涵、类型、属性和功能,提出了产权制度是实现渔业资源可持续利用最基本、最重要制度的观点。通过对渔业资源产权的权利束和产权制度的选择分析,强调了建立与渔业资源特性相适应的产权制度的重要性。三、尝试性概括了海洋渔业资源政府规制的主要形式,分析了政府直接行使渔业资源管理权的优势和障碍,对基于专有使用权的个别可转让配额制度(ITQs)进行了规范分析,在对我国渔业资源政府规制实证分析基础上,对主要政府规制的作用作了比较。四、通过海洋渔业资源利用的组织制度研究,阐述了海洋渔业资源利用的组织制度存在的理论基础；比较国内外组织制度定义,得出海洋渔业资源利用的组织制度是基于社区的渔业合作经济组织的结论；在对渔业经济组织发挥ITQs的有效性分析基础上,结合我国渔业经济组织的发展和现状分析,探索性提出了实现我国海洋渔业资源可持续利用的经济组织制度模式和运行机制。五、分析了国外渔业资源可持续利用的路径。通过对国外渔业资源管理的发展综合研究,阐明个人渔业权、集团渔业权及基于激励的渔业管理方法,能够实现海洋渔业资源可持续利用。六、利用比较归纳的方法,概括阐述了美国、日本、挪威三个国家渔业资源利用制度具有的四个方面特征,总结了发达国家渔业资源利用制度对我国的启示。综合上述研究,论文通过引入制度变迁理论,提出我国渔业资源利用的制度创新应沿着政府规制和市场经济的路径轨迹变迁,供给主导型制度变迁将长期起主要作用。在此基础上,论文提出了实现我国海洋渔业资源可持续利用的产权制度、政府规制和组织制度创新建议。更多还原

【Abstract】 Chinese marine fishery, like with many of the world fishery, is facing with severe resource recession, mainly manifests in the resource over-exploitation, chaos of fishery production order, the ecological deterioration of the environment,etc.The shortage of institutional resources is the key factor of constraining the sustainable use of marine fishery resources.In this paper,through the introduction of the new institutional economics theory, with transaction costs as the main line, on the basis of the model analysis on utilization of fishery resources, this dissertation establishes a system analysis framework about utilization of fishery resources.After respectively analysing system of property rights system, government regulation and organizational system of marine fishery resources use,learning from the experience of fishery management systems in developed countries,this dissertation putts forward innovative proposals of Chinese system for the sustainable use of marine fishery resources.The material contents and productions of this dissertation are as follows:(1)This dissertation constructs a system analysis framework of utilization of fishery resources. Through standardized methods of analysis, this dissertation analyses the origin of fishery system by the four classical model:Gordon-Schaefer, the tragedy of common property, prisoner’s dilemma and collective action logic.On the basis of the New Institutional Economics,this dissertation analyses the internal logic relationship between the property rights system, the government regulation and the organizational system of marine fishery resources utilization system. The logical connection among the three parties formes a framework for institutional analysis of this article.(2)Through researching the property rights system of fishery resources use, this dissertation describes the contents,the types,the properties and the functions of marine fishery resources’property rights;and presents the idea that property rights system is the most fundamental and important system to achieve sustainable use of fishery resources.After researching the right Bundle of fishery resources’ property rights and the choice of fishery resources’property rights system, this dissertation emphasizes the importance to set up a sort of property rights system compatible with the characteristics of fishery resources.(3)This dissertation tentatively generalizes the main form of marine fishery resources’government regulation, analyses the advantages and the obstacles that government directly exercises the management rights of fishery resources,normatively analyses individual transferable quota system (ITQs) based on the exclusive right to use,and compares effect of the main government regulation on the basis of empirical analysis to government regulation of chinese fishery resources.(4)Through studying the organizational system of marine fishery resources use,this dissertation describes theoretical foundation that the organizational system of marine fishery resources use comes to being,;comparative to the definition of the organizational system between domestic and foreign,concludes it is community-based fishery cooperative economic organizations that the organizational system of marine fishery resources use is;on the basis of the analysis with fisheries economic organization promoting the effectiveness of ITQs,Combined with the development and status analysis of fishery economic organizations in China, exploratorily proposes the system model and operational mechanisms of economic organization which can achieve the sustainable use of marine fishery resources in China.(5)This dissertation analyses the path of sustainable use of fishery resources in foreign countries.According to the comprehensive study on the development of foreign fishery resource management,this dissertation clarifies individual fishing rights, group’s fishing rights and incentive-based approach to fisheries management are able to achieve the sustainable use of marine fishery resources.(6)This dissertation summarily describes the four characteristics of fishery resources utilization systems in The United States,Japan and Norway.Then this dissertation Summarizes enlightenment to china from fishery resource utilization systems in developed countries.Synthesizeing above studies, by the theory of Institutional Change,This dissertation putts forward that the institutional innovation of chinese fishery resources use should vicissitude along the path trajectory of government regulation and the market economy,and that supply-oriented systems change will play a major role in the long-term. On above basis,this dissertation proposes the innovative proposals about property rights System, government regulation and organizational system which can achieve the sustainable use of marine fishery resources in China.更多还原