【作者】 张海霞；

【导师】 安京珍；

【作者基本信息】 哈尔滨工业大学 ， 环境科学与工程， 2010， 硕士

【摘要】 膜生物反应器是将膜技术应用于污水处理的一项新兴技术,然而,膜污染现象是当前限制该技术广泛应用的主要瓶颈,它将导致膜通量下降或过膜压力的上升,影响出水水质且会对膜组件造成损坏。寻求延缓膜污染的对策将是本领域研究的重点和难点,也是本论文研究的目的。本文采用淹没式膜生物反应器处理模拟生活废水,以过膜压力和胞外聚合物主要为膜污染参数,用平行对比研究的方法,系统研究了两种延缓膜污染的物质—粉末活性炭和好氧颗粒污泥对膜生物反应器运行情况和膜污染情况的影响。向膜生物反应器中投加不同量及粒径不同的粉末活性炭,对PAC延缓膜污染的情况进行了考察。结果表明:投加了粉末活性炭的膜生物反应器相比较于传统膜生物反应器而言,膜污染现象得到明显改善（膜污染速率降低40%）,其中投量为2g/L,粒径为120-200目的粉末活性炭对膜污染的控制作用较好;粉末活性炭的投加能减少胞外聚合物的含量,相对于传统膜生物反应器,其污泥混合液和膜丝表面上胞外聚合物的含量最多减少了48.58%和49.02%;粉末活性炭的投加对出水水质稍有改善,可使COD和氨氮去除率分别提高2%和5.39%。向反应器投加2g/L粒径为120-170目的PAC,考察污泥浓度从5000mg/L提高到10000mg/L时反应器运行情况和膜污染的情况。结果显示:污泥浓度的增加使得胞外聚合物含量的增加,并进一步导致膜污染速率（dP/dt）由0.667kPa/day上升到1.188kPa/day。这一结果证明胞外聚合物的含量与过膜压力的变化速率和膜污染现象正相关。以厌氧颗粒污泥为接种污泥,通过SBR法培养使其转化为好氧颗粒污泥,用以引入膜生物反应器中,考察了好氧颗粒污泥的性质及其对膜生物反应器运行效果和膜污染情况的影响。结果表明:好氧颗粒污泥代替普通活性污泥能够有效的减缓膜污染的发展,前者的膜污染速率相对于后者降低了39%;好氧颗粒污泥膜生物反应器同样可高效的去除污水中COD和NH₄⁺-N。更多还原

【Abstract】 The membrane bioreactor (MBR) is commonly regarded as a promising technology for wastewater treatment with the advantage of simultaneous pollutants biodegradation and solid-liquid separation in a compact reactor.However, membrane fouling is a major obstacle for the application of MBRs since it cause a decline in permeate flux and/or an increase in trans-membrane pressure (TMP), loss of permeate quality and deterioration of the membrane. This study hence aims at investigation of comparative methods for controlling membrane fouling with addition of powdered activated carbon (PAC) and aerobic granular sluge into submerged membrane bioreactors (SMBR). TMP and extra polymericl substance (EPS) were monitored as indicators of fouling throughout study.PAC addition into SMBRs has shown significant improvement of fouling at 2g/L PAC with 120-200 mesh size which are considered as optimal PAC dosage. The fouling was controlled as low as 40% dP/dt (dTMP/dt) compared with conventional MBR system without PAC. The EPS concentrations also found lower under PAC adding condition since their concentration from the sludge mixture and membrane surface has shown less 48.58% and 49.02% values, respectively compared to conventional MBR. The effluent quality could be slightly improved by the addition of PAC in terms of effluent COD and NH4+-N, which were improved by 2% and 5.39% respectively.TMP and EPS were also monitored under different MLSS concentration at 5000 mg/L and 10000 mg/L with the optimal PAC concentration and size. The results showed that with the increase of MLSS from 5000mg/L to 10000mg/L, the EPS concentration was increased and this results in dP/dt increase from 0.667kPa/day to 1.188kPa/day. It proved that the EPS concentration has negative effect on membrane operation which directly propotion to TMP and fouling phenomena.The aerobic granular sludge membrane bioreactor (AGMBR) system was studied to understand its fouling condition with EPS concentration. The introduction of aerobic granular sludge can effectively reduce the membrane fouling rate as the dP/dt value was 39% less than in conventional MBR. The effluent quality was also improved compared with the conventional MBR system.更多还原