【作者】 姚哲；

【导师】 牟国栋；

【作者基本信息】 西安科技大学 ， 材料学， 2010， 硕士

【摘要】 粉煤灰是煤粉经过燃烧后形成的一种粘土类的火山灰质细粒分散状残余物,主要来源于以煤为动力原料的火力发电厂和燃煤的企业大户。粉煤灰的危害可以大致分为水域危害、大气危害和土壤危害。国外对粉煤灰资源化利用的程度比国内的高。国内对粉煤灰的利用主要在建筑建材、回收利用、环境保护、新型农业等多个领域,在建材行业的应用比例要大一些。尽管如此,粉煤灰的消极影响对我国的水资源和土地资源造成的压力依然很大,尤其对我国电力行业可持续发展有着严重的制约作用。本论文采用陕西渭北某电厂的原状粉煤灰试样,对其物理性质,化学组成、矿物成分、颗粒特性及表面活性等进行系统研究的基础上,采用泡沫浮选的方法,以降低粉煤灰中的未燃炭含量,得出了适用于本论文所采用的原状粉煤灰的浮选脱炭工艺流程,同时得到了国标(GB1596-91)所规定的Ⅰ级标准的粉煤灰,为粉煤灰的大用量,多领域,深层次,资源化的综合利用创造了前提条件。试验结果表明:选择轻柴油作为捕收剂,用量为600g/t;仲辛醇作为起泡剂,用量为600g/t;浮选时间为4min;药剂与矿浆作用时间为1min;矿浆浓度为30%;充气量为0.30 m~3/(m~2·min)时,可得到产率大于80%,烧失量小于5%的粉煤灰尾矿,符合国标(GBl596—91)对I级粉煤灰烧失量的标准;以及产率大于10%,烧失量大于60%的炭精矿。不仅回收了粉煤灰中未燃尽的炭粒,更重要的是降低了粉煤灰的含炭量,为粉煤灰的大规模综合利用创造条件。更多还原

【Abstract】 Fly ash is a clay-like volcanic ash fine scattered remnant that the coal powder burnt, mainly from fuel-burning power plant that coal as raw materials and lager enterprises relied on burning coal. Harmfulness of fly ash includes in waters damage, atmosphere pollution, and soil destoried. The use degree of fly ash abroad is higher than domestic. The mainly usages of fly ash are taking on architectures, recycles, environmental protection, new agriculture, and so on, and a large number of fly ash are applied in the building materials industry. Nevertheless, the negative effects of fly ash still place high pressure on water and land resources in our country, especially seriously restricting the sustainable development of domestic electric power industry.In this paper, undisturbed fly ash samples from a power plant in Weibei of Shan xi were as raw materials, basing on the system research of physical properties, chemical composition, mineral composition, particle characteristics and surface activity, and using foam flotation method in order to reduce the unburned carbon content in fly ash obtained the flotation decarburization process which was applicable to the undisturbed fly ash in the paper. The classification fly ash that the national standard stipulated was obtained simultaneously. This created the preconditions for large amount of fly ash in various fields, in-depth and comprehensive utilization of resource.The results showed that the fly ash tailings with the yield more than 80 percent and ignition loss less than 5 percent were obtained, which meet the national standard (GB1596-91) on the ignition loss standards of I-class fly ash, when choosing light disedel as collector (dosage of 600g/t), 2-octanol as frother (dosage of 600g/t), and the flotation time was 4 minters, the reaction time between reagent and pulp was 1 minter, the pulp density was 30 percent, the inflating volume was 0.30 m~3/(m~2·min). Not only were the unburned carbon particles in fly ash recycled, more importantly, reducing the carbon content of fly ash to create the conditions for large comprehensive utilization.更多还原