【作者】 荣新明；

【导师】 葛际江；

【作者基本信息】 中国石油大学 ， 油气田开发工程， 2010， 硕士

【摘要】 合成了系列辛基酚聚醚磷酸酯盐(OPP)和甜菜碱磷酸酯,确定了聚磷酸法合成OPP-4的理想的合成条件:酸醇摩尔比1.6,酯化温度110~120℃,酯化时间6~8h,水解量5%,水解温度120℃,水解时间2.5~3.5h,产品单酯含量在93%以上。确定了三氯氧磷法合成OPP-4理想的合成条件:POCl3/烷基酚聚醚摩尔比1.0~1.1,酯化温度40~50℃,酯化时间6~7h,水解量5%,水解温度60℃,水解时间3~4h,产品为单双酯混合物,单酯含量最高87%以上,双酯含量3%左右,酯化率在90%以上。OPP表面活性剂防硫酸钙垢和碳酸钙垢的性能随着表面活性剂浓度的增大而提高,防硫酸钙垢的效果比防碳酸钙垢效果好,OPP-10浓度为20mg/L对硫酸钙垢和碳酸钙垢的防垢率分别为92.2%和88.0%。OPP表面活性剂体系的界面张力随着矿化度升高总体呈现出下降的趋势,在相同浓度下,体系平衡界面张力随着烷氧基链接数的增加先增大后减小,其中质量百分数为0.25%的OPP-4体系平衡界面张力为9.0×10-3mN?m-1。体系泡沫的起泡体积和析液半衰期随着OPP表面活性剂浓度的增加而升高和增长,质量百分数为0.50%的OPP-10的起泡体积达500mL,析液半衰期达5.7min。合成了DAMP、OAMP和DOAMP三种氨基亚甲基膦酸盐以及PBET-13和PBET-17两种磷酸酯甜菜碱型表面活性剂,确定了DAMP的最佳合成条件:甲醛/十二胺摩尔比2.5、亚磷酸/十二胺摩尔比3.5、反应温度105℃、反应时间3.5h、加水量15mL、盐酸加入量5mL,合成的DAMPEorg,P大于85%。DAMP和OAMP在质量浓度为10mg/L时对硫酸钙的防垢率达到了97.4%和92.1%,单一的膦酸盐或磷酸酯甜菜碱界面活性一般,与合适浓度的NaCl和NaOH复配后可使体系界面张力降至超低。更多还原

【Abstract】 Different octyphenol polyoxyehtylene ether phosphate (OPP) surfactants were synthesized by phosphorylation using polyphosphoric acid (PPA) and POCl3. For PPA used as phosphorylation reagent,the optimal synthesis conditions were obtained as follows: the molar ratio of PPA to OP-4 1.6, esterification temperature 110~120℃and time 6~8h, the volume of hydrolysis 5%, hydrolization temperature 120℃and time 2.5~3.5h. All the products synthesised were monoester with the content of more than 93%. For POCl3 used as phosphorylation reagent, the optimal synthesis conditions were obtained as follows: molar ratio of POCl3 to OP-4 1.2, esterification temperature 40~50℃, hydrolysis fraction 10%, hydrolysis temperature 60℃hydrolysis time 3~4h. The synthetic products were all the mixtures of monoester and Diester, of which the highest level of monoester could reach more than 87%, with the content of Diester about 3% and the yield of esterification more than 90%.Synthesized three kinds of lamineo dimethylene phosphonic acids and two kinds of phosphobetain surfactants: dodecylamineo dimethylene phosphonic acid (DAMP), octadecylamino dimethylene phosphonic acid (OAMP) , dioctylamino methylene phosphonic acid (DOAMP), N, N-dimethy-tridecane hydroxyethyl ammonium phosphate, N, N-dimethylethanolamine (PBET-13), N, N-dimethy-heptadecane hydroxyethyl ammonium phosphate,N,N-dimethylethanolamine(PBET-17). DAMP optimal synthesis conditions was determined as follows: the molar ratio of formaldehyde to dodecylamine 2.5, the molar ratio of phosphorous acid to dodecylamine 3.5, reaction temperature 105℃, reaction time 3.5h, water volume 15mL, the amount of hydrochloric acid 5mL, the organophosphorus yield of DAMP synthesized under Under these conditions are more than 85%. In the concentration of 10mg/L,the CaSO4 scale inhibition ratio of DAMP and OAMP have reached 97.4% and 92.1%, single lamineo dimethylene phosphonic acids or phosphobetain surfactants have ordinary interfacial activity,the dynamic IFT of crude oil-water system,with the mixture of appropriate concentration of NaCl and NaOH,could be reach to the ultra-low value of less than 10-3mN?m-1.更多还原