【作者】 宿雪；

【导师】 葛洪魁； 林英松；

【作者基本信息】 中国石油大学 ， 油气井工程， 2010， 硕士

【摘要】 石油钻井是一项高投入、高风险的地下隐蔽工程。钻井过程中,实时进行井下工矿诊断和钻前预测具有重要的意义。钻柱是连接地面和井底钻头的高效信息通道,钻头破岩会引起钻柱的轴向、横向和扭转振动,因此在钻柱顶端记录的振动信号含有岩石、钻头、钻柱的丰富信息。钻柱振动录井技术是利用在钻柱顶部测量的振动信号,监测井下钻具的工作状态,获取钻头下方地层特性的实时录井技术。了解钻头震源特性、钻头地震波沿钻柱传播规律和钻柱振动信号处理方法是发展钻柱振动录井技术的关键。本文在国内外研究的基础上,对以上三个方面开展了研究。利用牙轮钻头破岩振动分析模型,获得了钻头震源能量特性和频谱特征;推导了弹性波沿钻柱传播方程,获得了钻柱弹性波的传播特性和规律;建立了钻柱振动的传递矩阵模型,描述了钻头震源波形、钻柱结构与钻柱顶端轴向振动的关系,并进行了室内实验验证。分析表明,传递矩阵模型是描述钻柱波传播的良好模型,为井下诊断建立了基础模型;建立了一套钻柱振动录井的测量系统,开展了现场实验数据的采集。引入了自相关域小波变换、反褶积自相关方法对实验数据进行了分析,获得了钻柱多次反射波地震图。分析表明相关域小波变换和反褶积自相关方法是分析钻柱振动的有效方法;研究表明钻头振动频谱、钻柱振动的多次波成像、井底钻头与地层的相对位移可作为钻头工况、钻柱工况和地层特性的主要参数,并尝试进行了井下诊断方法的探索。该研究主要利用了牙轮钻头钻进的钻柱轴向振动观测数据,研究结果可用于钻柱振动录井、随钻地震钻头信号的提取,对于钻柱信息通道的研究也有参考价值。更多还原

【Abstract】 Well drilling is a high input and risk undergroud project, which needs the real-time downhole diagnosis and forecast technique. Drillstring is the information transmission media connecting the downhole drill bit and the top of the drill string. The axial, lateral and torsional vibration of the drillstring can be caused by the drill bit while drilling. Hence, the vibration measured on the top of the drill string contains abundance information of the drillstring, the bit and the formation. The drillstring vibration logging is a new real-time logging technology which can monitor the working behavior of the downhole tools and predict the formation characteristics below the drill bit by analyzing the vibration measured on the top of the drillstring. It’s the key element of the drillstring vibration logging that understanding the drill bit vibration property, drillstring transmission property, and processing method of drillstring vibration.On the basis of former research, we carry out research work in the three filed above. Understand the energy and frequency spectrum characteristic of the seismic source by modeling the process of breaking rock with the cone bit; Built the propagation equation of the drill string vibration and study the propagation effect of the drill string; Model the drill string and derive the equation of the downhole vibration force and displace. It shows that propagation matrix model can describe the drill string vibration well; Carry on the field experiment, acquire the drill string vibration, analyze the data with the wavelet method in correlation domain and doconvolved correlation method and obtain the drill string multiples image. It shows that the two methods for analyzing the drill string vibration are effective;Our research demonstrates that the spectrum of the drill bit, the drill string reflected interface imaging and the displace between the drill bit and stone can be used as the main diagnosis parameters of drill bit working condition, the drill string condition and formation characteristics. At last,we attempt to predict the downhole diagnosis. Our research basis the axial vibration of the drillstring caused by the cone bit of vertical well. The result can be helpful to obtain the vibration source in SWD and understand the transmission effect of the drill string.更多还原