【作者】 申莹；

【导师】 安家荣；

【作者基本信息】 中国石油大学 ， 油气储运工程， 2010， 硕士

【摘要】 原油中硫化氢的存在不仅会引起管道、设备的腐蚀和炼油工业中催化剂的中毒,而且还严重地威胁人身安全,寻找经济、有效的硫化氢脱除技术,是国内许多油田急需解决的生产难题。本文结合塔河油田污水矿化度高、塔河稠油硫化氢含量高的特点,采用电解氯化钠溶液所生成的强氧化性的次氯酸钠来脱除原油中的硫化氢。通过正交试验研究了各种因素(电极材料、极距、NaCl溶液浓度、电压、温度、pH值)对有效氯值及电流效率的影响,确定了最优电解方案;通过气相中硫化氢脱除的静态电解实验进行了效果评价;在脱除气相中硫化氢实验基础上,提出了脱除原油中硫化氢的动态实验方法,通过原油与电解所得的次氯酸钠溶液的在线混合流程,研究了动态实验下静态混合器类型、流量比及温度对硫化氢脱除效果的影响。研究结果表明,在饱和食盐水电解的最佳条件下,静态电解到190分钟后有效氯开始降低,电流效率在电解到100分钟之前一直保持着70%以上的水平,前30分钟保持在90%以上的水平,电流密度在0.8~1.05A/cm2的范围时,直流电单耗在5.37~13.03 kWh·kg-1的范围内;在动态电解240g/L氯化钠溶液时,当电流密度为0.4A/cm2时,电解效果最好,有效氯值可达13.82g/L,直流电单耗为3.05 kWh·kg-1;在脱除气相中硫化氢的实验中,不管采用已电解生成的次氯酸钠溶液吸收硫化氢,还是采用氯化钠溶液电解吸收硫化氢的方法都有较好的硫化氢脱除效果,硫化氢脱除率最高可达99%以上;在脱除原油中硫化氢的动态实验中,静态混合器类型、流体流量与温度的变化都会对硫化氢脱除率造成影响,但是动态实验效果没有静态实验显著,最高脱除率为72.4%,远低于静态实验的脱除率96.5%。更多还原

【Abstract】 The existence of hydrogen sulfide in crude oil will not only lead to corrosion of the equipment and pipeline, catalyst poisoning in the oil refining industry, but also a serious threat to personal safety. Therefore, the search for economical and effective hydrogen sulfide removal technology has been a production issue that must be addressed urgently for many domestic oilfields.According to Tahe Oilfield waste water with high salinity and Tahe heavy oil with high content of hydrogen sulfide, this paper studied sodium hypochlorite with strong oxidation generated by electrolysis of sodium chloride solution to remove hydrogen sulfide from crude oil. By electrolyzing sodium chloride solution, this paper studied the various factors (electrode material, polar distance, solution concentration, voltage, temperature, pH value) which have impact on solution concentration and current efficiency by orthogonal experiments and determine the optimal electrolysis program. According to the static electrolysis experiments of removing hydrogen sulfide from the gas, this paper evaluated the treatment effect. In this paper,the dynamic experimental method of removing hydrogen sulfide from crude oil is proposed which is based on the experiments of removing hydrogen sulfide from the gas. By online mix process with sodium hypochlorite solution and crude oil, this paper studied the influences of the static mixer type, flow ratio and temperature on the the treatment effect.Experimental results show that chlorine value began to decrease after 190 minutes under the best conditions in the static electrolysis of saturated salt water. The current efficiency maintained the level of 70% before 100 minutes and maintained the level of 90% before 30 minutes. The DC unit consumption was from 5.37 kWh·kg-1 to 13.03 kWh·kg-1 when the current density was from 0.8 A/cm2 to 1.05A/cm2. When the current density was 0.4A/cm2 under the dynamic electrolysis of 240g/l sodium chloride solution, chlorine value was up to 13.82g/l and DC unit consumption was 3.05 kWh·kg-1. During the experiments of removing hydrogen sulfide from the gas, it can be up to the better removal effect no matter adopting the methods that sodium hypochlorite solution generated by electrolysis absorbed hydrogen sulfide, or that electrolyzing sodium chloride solution removed hydrogen sulfide. Applying the above two methods, the highest removal rate can be up to 99%. During the dynamic experiments of removing hydrogen sulfide from crude oil, static mixer type, fluid flow and temperature will impact on the removal rate of hydrogen sulfide. But the dynamic test results are not as well as the static test results. The maximum removal rate was 72.4% in the dynamic experiments, which was much lower than the static test results by 96.5%.更多还原