【作者】 赵才先；

【导师】 于佐军；

【作者基本信息】 中国石油大学 ， 控制科学与工程， 2010， 硕士

【摘要】 催化裂化装置在石油加工过程中占有十分重要的地位,是当今石油炼制的核心装置之一,而反应-再生系统又是装置中最重要的部分,其反应机理和工艺动态过程错综复杂,这给工业过程控制提出了较高的要求。而先进控制算法在装置上的应用能显著提高其经济效益,但先进控制算法的实施首先需要获得装置的动态数学模型。为此不少学者在建立催化裂化装置模型上做了大量的工作。本文首先概述了催化裂化装置工艺发展过程,了解了目前炼油厂使用的主要类型,及装置工艺发展现状。催化剂是制约装置发展的主要因素之一,因此有必要对催化剂的发展做一概述,然后了解了工业过程控制在催化裂化装置上的实施情况。经过以上各方面的了解,最后选择了同轴式和前置烧焦罐式两类催化裂化装置作为研究对象。通过对两类装置工艺特点的分析,选用机理分析建模方法,把原料和产品划分为五个集总,分别建立两类装置的机理模型。由于机理模型太复杂,通过对工艺过程的分析对所建模型进行了简化,最后得到了适合于控制的控制模型。要使得到的控制模型应用于实际的装置,还需要解决两个问题:一、控制模型中的一些变量是不可测量的,需要对部分变量进行参数估计;二、目前大多数控制都是以线性系统理论为基础的,因此对所得的控制模型进行线性化处理,得到线性化状态方程。在参数估计部分,本文首先总结了参数估计的一些方法,然后针对催化裂化装置的特点选取了最小二乘方法进行参数估计,给出了同轴式装置参数估计的详细步骤。在线性化过程中,由于本文考虑了装置的纯滞后因素,并且所得的控制模型为非仿射非线性系统,因此为了处理的方便,采用了常规线性化方法即泰勒展开法,文中给出了较详细的线性化过程,最后对所得的线性化状态方程组用一组工业数据进行了仿真验证。本文最后根据前面几章的推导过程和得到的线性化方程,用Visual C++ 6.0集成开发环境,开发了催化裂化装置控制模型计算软件,软件主要包括同轴式和前置烧焦罐式两类装置测量数据输入,后台控制模型计算,动态趋势图绘制,与Excel报表通讯等几大部分。为了更方便的得到测量数据,软件开发了串口采集和OPC客户机采集两种数据采集方式。更多还原

【Abstract】 The Fluid Catalytic Cracking Unit (FCCU) which is important in petroleum processing is one of the core unit for the petroleum refining now. And the most important part of the unit is the reaction-regeneration system, in which the reaction mechanism and the dynamic process is complex. As a result, it’s become a challenge for the industry process control. Now there are lots of advanced control algorithms are applied to the units in order to achieve higher economic efficiency, but we have to get the dynamic model of the unit before we do that. So there are lots of researchers work hard for modeling the FCCU.Firstly, this paper introduces the development of the FCCU technology in order to know the sorts of FCCU which are using in refinery factories and the current situation. The catalyst is one of the factors which restrict the development of the FCCU, so the introduction is necessary for the development of the catalyst. Then do some investigation to understand the application of industry process control for the FCCU. Finally the Coaxial-type and previa coke burning FCCU are selected as the reach object. After analysis the features of the two type units, the model method based on the mechanism analysis is chose. Then the raw materials and products are divided into five lumps in order to model the mechanism of the two type units. The mechanism model is so complex that it can’t be suitable for the application of control, therefor it is necessary to simplify the built model by analysising the process of the FCCU.There are two problems need to be handled in order to apply the control model to the actual unit. The first is that there are some parameters can not be directly measured, so we have to use the parameter estimation to get these parameters; The second we faced is that there are lots of control systems are based on the linear system theory now, so we should use the linearization methods to deal with the built model in order to get the linear state equations. In the part of the parameter estimation, firstly summarize the the methods of parameter estimation, then chose the least square method to estimate the parameters according to the features of FCCU and show the detailed procedure of parameter estimation for the Coaxial-type FCCU. In the linear processing, because of the consideration of the unit’s delay factor and the control model got is a non-affine nonlinear system, the paper adopts the conventional linear method named Taylor expansion for the convenience of deal with the equations. The detailed linear process is show in this paper, finally a set of industrial data is used to simulate and verify the linear state equations.In the end of the paper, the Visual C++ 6.0 integrated development environment is used to develop the calculation software of the FCCU’s control model based on the deducing process and the linearization in the preceding chapters. The software include several parts for example the input measured data of the Coaxial-type and the previa coke burning FCCU, the control model calculation in background, draw the dynamic trends, communicate with the Microsoft Excel and so on. Further, the software can realize the data acquisition more conveniently by the mode of serial port or the OPC client.更多还原