【作者】 毕小敏；

【导师】 李安；

【作者基本信息】 中国石油大学 ， 安全技术及工程， 2010， 硕士

【摘要】 随着计算机技术的飞速发展,目前对燃烧、爆炸和毒气泄漏等重大事故的安全评价,世界各国都在由以经验计算公式为基础的传统评价技术,转向以计算机模拟仿真计算为基础的数字化评价技术的方向发展。数字化安全评价技术主要是通过数字计算方法,在计算机上模拟仿真事故发生的过程,对其影响范围和危害程度做出综合分析和评价。与传统安全评价技术相比,采用计算机数字化安全评价技术可为进一步提高安全管理,安全控制水平提供更科学的依据。本文分析了气态、液态、气液混合态三种物质集态的物理爆炸产生机理和其破坏作用的大小,在综合分析、判断爆炸的极速性,复杂性的基础上,设定合理的假设条件,运用相关领域的理论研究,建立其数学模型,测算爆炸产生的能量;然后依据爆炸冲击波的破坏准则,得出冲击波的伤害范围。在化学爆炸方面主要是研究蒸汽云的爆炸机理、过程和其破坏作用,并从不同角度分析、总结得出蒸汽云爆炸的数学模型;并利用冲击波的超压准则推导出蒸汽云爆炸的不同伤害半径。在分析、推导出的各种爆炸的数学模型的基础上,利用VC++面向对象的可视化优势编制程序,对爆炸过程、后果进行数值模拟,得出的爆炸的伤害范围,为事故预测,安全生产设计,安全评价提供必要的参考数据。将开发的仿真程序运用于实际的生产环境和事故分析、调查中,对系统进行仿真试验,得出的结果与实际数据比较符合。更多还原

【Abstract】 Along with the rapid development of computer technology, major safety evaluation on burning, explosion and gas leakage accident, all countries in the world,on the basis of experience calculation formula of traditional evaluation technology, turn to the computer simulation calculation based on the evaluation of digital technology development. Digital security evaluation technique is mainly simulating the process of the accident by digital calculation method , and giving its influence and degree of harm on the basis of the comprehensive analysis and evaluation.Compared with the traditional safety evaluation technology, using computer digital security evaluation technique for further improving the safety management and the level of safety control can provide more scientific basis.The Produce mechanism and destructive effect of physical explosion of three matter, including gaseity, liquid and gas-liquid, were analyzed in this paper. Based on comprehensive analysis and judgement on Running Time and complexity of explosion, reasonable suppose was set. By using theoretical research of interrelated fields, mathematical model was built and the energy produced in explosion was count. The harm scope of shock wave was gained by failure criterion. In chemical explosion aspect, explosion mechanism, process and destructive effect of steam cloud were researched. Mathematical model of steam cloud explosion was get by analysis and summary from different angles, besides, different harm radiuses of steam cloud explosion were deduced by overpressure standard of shock wave.Based on mathematical model get by analyzed and deduced, numerical simulation on explosion process and consequences was done by VC++, a object-oriented visual programming, and the harm scope of explosion was gained, providing necessary reference data for accident prediction, design of safety production and safety evaluation.The simulation program was used in practical production surroundings and accident analysis and investigation. The result was in accordance with practical data by conducting simulation experiment for system.更多还原