【作者】 胡有元；

【导师】 孙兰义；

【作者基本信息】 中国石油大学 ， 化学工程与技术， 2010， 硕士

【摘要】 随着原油重质化和劣质化的趋势加快,延迟焦化技术作为一项技术成熟的重油加工手段,因其具有设备投资少、工艺简单、操作弹性大、柴汽比高等特点,越来越受到重视。延迟焦化主分馏塔作为延迟焦化装置实现产品分离的重要单元,对其进行优化设计,并对其进行局部改造,具有一定的现实意义。本文以国内某炼厂的延迟焦化主分馏塔为工程实例,对该分馏塔的结构进行了分析讨论,确定了对该主分馏塔进行分段处理的模拟策略,在此基础上建立了该主分馏塔模型。在选择了合适的热力学方法和理论塔板数的情况下,利用化工流程模拟软件Aspen Plus与Pro/Ⅱ分别对该主分馏塔进行模拟计算,得到了与现场标定值相一致的结果,验证了模拟计算的可靠性,并获得了可用于塔内件设计的水力学数据。本文针对一种适用于焦化主分馏塔的塔板——双层固阀塔板,在1200mm的圆形不锈钢塔内,采用空气-水体系,测定了该塔板的流体力学性能指标——塔板压降、漏液和雾沫夹带,研究了它们与阀孔动能因子、出口堰高和液流强度的关系,并与传统的F1浮阀进行了对比实验,根据实验数据得到压降、漏液和雾沫夹带的关联式以指导工业应用。本文针对现有焦化主分馏塔存在的问题,利用模拟计算得到的水力学数据对该主分馏塔进行了水力学核算,找出了导致其出现非正常操作的根源,提出了经济并切实可行的改造方案,成功将双层固阀塔板应用于该主分馏塔的改造设计。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the tendency of crude oil getting heavier and poorer worldwide, the delayed coking process which becomes a well-developed heavy oil processing technology has drawn more and more attention recently owing to low equipment cost, simple process, operating flexibility and a high ratio of diesel oil to gasoline. In a delayed coking unit, the main fractionation column is the most important part for the products separating. The optimization and reform of the main fractionator has great practical significance.In this article, the structure of the main fractionation column was discussed. The strategy to simulate the fractionator segmentally was determined and the model was established. Then, the thermodynamics method and the number of the theoretical plate were chosen. The calculation results of the main fractionation column which were simulated by Aspen Plus and Pro/Ⅱsoftware respectively were consistent with the on-site operational data. It indicated that the calculation results by software was available and correct. The simulated results could be used for the the internal design of the main fractionation column.The bilayer fixed valve was studied in this article. The hydrodynamic performance of this plate was investigated with air-water system in a stainless steel column of 1200 mm internal diameter, and carried on the comparison with the F1 float valve, and the correlations of plate pressure drop,weeping and entrainment with weir height,liquid loading intensity and kinetic energy factor based on valve holes were obtained.It could be used conveniently in industrial applications.According to the existing problems of the main fractionation column of the delayed coking unit, the hydraulic calculation was made by using the simulated results. The problems which led to abnormal operation in the main fractionation column were found out. An economic and reasonable design scheme was put forward. The bilayer fixed valve was applied to the reforming design successfully.更多还原