【作者】 马丽萍；

【导师】 孔德政； 侯元凯；

【作者基本信息】 河南农业大学 ， 森林培育， 2009， 硕士

【摘要】 能源短缺已经成为当前世界面临的最大问题之一,它直接关系着经济、社会的可持续发展,传统能源因其不可再生性和带来的环境问题,为全世界带来了能源危机和生态危机。生物柴油为可再生资源,而且高效、无污染,对当今社会具有重大的经济意义、社会意义和生态意义,因此,发展生物柴油等可再生能源成为国际社会的共同选择。我国对生物柴油能源林的建设非常重视,在法律、财政、政策上给予极大的支持,全国各地也相继根据本地区的生态环境状况,建设了一批生物柴油能源林,但各地对适合当地发展生物柴油能源林的树种不明确,经济效益不清楚。本文在综述我国生物柴油树种应用现状的基础上,对我国生物柴油树种进行了评价；在结实调查的基础上,对文冠果、花椒和油桐的种子产量、产油量和收益进行评估和预测,主要结论如下：(1)生物柴油树种必须具备分布广泛、适应性强、出种率高、含油率高、种植成本低等特点,据此,文冠果、花椒、黄连木、光皮树、乌桕、油桐、麻疯树、绿玉树、椰子、油棕等十种树种为我国生物柴油树种。(2)目前生物柴油树种大多产量低下,价格短期内居高不下,致使生物柴油的成本过高。当务之急是克服制约生物柴油树种开发与利用的瓶颈,如黄连木种子小蜂、文冠果“千花一果”等,加强良种繁育,扩大种植规模实现集约化经营,提高生物柴油树种的种子产量,降低原料成本,才能使生物柴油有更大的发展前景。(3)文冠果在生长的第20年进入结实盛期,盛果期长达100a,花椒在第8a进入结实盛期,25～35a后进入衰老期,油桐则在第6a进入盛果期,30a后结果量下降。花椒、油桐比文冠果早进入获益期,但文冠果的获益期较长。(4)从单位面积的纯收益来看,花椒的收益最大,油桐最小。这是由于花椒种子除用作炼制生物柴油外,种壳可用作调料、药材,油渣也可用作肥料添加剂,附加值高；油桐种子除用于炼油外,油渣有毒而不可用,所以,收益只取其生物柴油部分。(5)从单位面积的种子产量来看,花椒最高,文冠果次之,油桐最低。花椒种植历史悠久,而且已形成集约化的生产经营模式,因此产量比较高。而文冠果、油桐面临的共同问题就是缺乏良种、处于半野生化状态、粗放经营,产量自然比较低下,因此应加强文冠果、油桐的栽培管理,培育良种,实现集约化经营。(6)将文冠果、花椒和油桐进行农田栽植的可行性比较后发现,花椒在农田中栽植的经济效益高于种植作物的经济效益,因此花椒在农田中栽植具有可行性,文冠果、油桐在农田中栽植的经济效益不及种植作物,所以这两个树种在农田中种植不具有可行性。但文冠果、油桐在低产农田、山地种植,或与其他粮食作物间作,可收到良好收益。更多还原

【Abstract】 Energy shortage has been one of the:most important problems to every country in the world which have a direct impact to the sustainable development of economy and society. Due to non-renewability of traditional energy and its environment problems by utilizing it, it causes the energy crisis and ecology crisis to the world.However, bio-diesel is a kind of renewable, high-efficient and free-of-pollution energy, which has a great economic, social and ecologic influence to the society. Making use of the renewable energy such as biodiesel has become a common choice for every country. In China, the government attaches much importance to plant bio-diesel energy forests with legal, financial and policy support. Numbers of biodiesel energy forests had been continuously planted in some areas of our country according to the ecologic environment of each area. But people are still confused of the most suitable tree species planted in local and the benefit of planting biodiesel forest. Base on the current biodiesel forest planting situation, an evaluation was conducted, and combined with the investigation results to the fruit formation of Xanthoceras sorbifolia, Zanthoxylum bungeanum, and Aleurites fordii, the seed and oil yield and income of biodiesel tree species are predicted and estimated in this paper, the results made up as following:1.Bio-diesel trees must have many features such as widespread, well-adapted, high rate of out seeds, high rate of oil contend,low fees of planting. So Xanthoceras sorbifolia,Zanthoxylum bungeanum,Pistacia chinensis, Sapium sebiferum, Vernicia fordii, Swida wilsoniana, Jatropha curcas, Euphorbia tirucalli, Cocos nucifera, Elaeis guineensis are selected as bio-diesel tree species in our country.2.The low production of the most bio-diesel trees and the high price of the seed are leading to the high cost of the bio-diesel.The practical matter is to overcome the bottleneck which constraints the development and utilization of the bio-diesel trees, such as Eurytoma plotniko of Pistacia chinensis, low rate of fruit of Xanthoceras sorbifolia. Strengthening the seed breeding, expanding the cultivation to achieve the scale of intensive management, enhancing the seed yield of bio-diesel species,lowing the cost of raw materials,all of which must be done in order to make bio-diesel has a greater prospects for development,3. In the growth of the first 20 years,Xanthoceras sorbifolia goes into strong mature phase, which continues as long as 100 years,goes into the strong mature phase in the first 8, entering the aging period after 25～35 years,Aleurites fordii goes into the strong fruit period in the first 6 years, the fruits decline 30 years later. On the benefit period, Zanthoxylum and Aleurites fordii are earlier to start the benefit period but Xanthoceras sorbifolia gets the longest benefit period.4.On the benefit per unit, Zanthoxylum bungeanum gets the highest benefit, Aleurites fordii gets the minimum.The reason is that the seed of Zanthoxylum bungeanum with high additional value,which can be produced into bio-diesel, seed-case can be used as spices and drug, and its diesel is used as fertilizer additives.The seed of Aleurites fordii can be only produced into bio-diesel for the diesel’s poinsonous,so the benefit only includes the section of the bio-diesel.5.On the yield of the seed per unit, Zanthoxylum bungeanum gets the highest yield, Xanthoceras sorbifolia is the second and Aleurites fordii gets the minimum. Because Zanthoxylum bungeanum cultivation has a long history, and has formed a production intensive business model, it yields higher. The Xanthoceras sorbifolia, Aleurites fordii facing the same problem is the lack of seeds, in a semi-wild-oriented state, extensive management, yield relatively low naturally, so cultivation management should be strengthened, seeds cultivated to achieve intensive operations.6.After the conparision of the farmland planting Feasibility of Xanthoceras sorbifolia,Zanthoxylum bungeanum, Aleurites fordii, the author discovered that Zanthoxylum bungeanum gets a higher economic benefits than other crops, so it can be planted in farmland. But Xanthoceras sorbifolia and Aleurites fordii cannot be planted in the farmland because they get a lower benifites than other crops.But they can receive a good yield if the two species were planted in mountainous region, or intercroped with other crops.更多还原