【作者】 张云兰；

【导师】 王润华；

【作者基本信息】 重庆医科大学 ， 流行病与卫生统计学， 2010， 硕士

【摘要】 目的:本研究通过对重庆市居民健康知识与态度、健康生活方式与行为、健康技能等三个方面进行调查,拟了解重庆市居民健康知识与态度、健康生活方式与行为及健康技能等三个方面现状及分布特征,并分析其各自的影响因素;通过收集健康素养相关指标数据,对个体或人群的健康素养水平进行综合评估,分析影响居民健康素养水平的影响因素,从而建立我市公民健康素养基础信息库;进而为开展健康素养监测、制定健康促进与健康教育策略或标准提供参考依据。方法:采用多阶段分层随机人民币的抽样方法确定监测对象,利用《中国公民健康素养-基本知识与技能》试行中提供的调查问卷,以入户访谈的形式,进行健康知识与态度、健康生活方式与行为、健康技能等三个方面的调查,收集重庆市居民健康素养的有关指标数据。对居民在知识、行为等健康要素方面的状况进行描述性分析,运用符号秩和检验、K-W检验和多元线性回归等分析方法,对影响居民健康知识、行为和技能的因素进行分析;运用秩和比综合评价法对居民健康素养进行综合评估,并进行影响因素分析。结果:重庆市居民在健康知识、健康生活方式与行为及健康技能这三个方面均表现为总体知晓情况较好,但在某些特殊问题上知晓情况不容乐观;在评分方面均表现为城市居民优于农村居民,且随着文化程度、家庭平均月收入的增高,其评分越高;不同的是,在健康知识方面,男性评分略低于女性,而在健康生活方式与行为方面,女性优于男性,性别对健康技能评分无影响;从年龄分布来看,除了对生活方式与行为评分没有影响外,在知识及技能方面均表现为随着年龄的增长,其评分呈下降趋势。经秩和比综合评价发现,健康素养处于中等水平的居民最多,占到总人数的45.13%;年龄、文化程度及平均月收入为影响健康素养水平的积极因素,地域为消极因素;且在影响程度上,从大到小排列依次为文化程度、地域、平均月收入及年龄。结论:居民健康知识掌握不够全面,健康生活方式与行为习惯不够合理,健康技能不够完善,健康素养水平一般,应加大健康教育与健康促进工作的力度,并为公众营造一个健康的支持环境,提高公众的健康素养水平;文化程度、年龄、收入等严重影响居民的健康素养水平,应该有针对性的开展健康教育,提高弱势群体的健康素养;城市居民健康素养水平明显高于农村居民,健康教育工作的重点应该放在农村。更多还原

【Abstract】 Objective: In order to know the present situation and distribution characteristics about health knowledge and attitude, health lifestyle and behavior and healthy skills, this article conduct an investigation from these three respects to analyze their respective factors. We establish the civic information database based on health literacy through collection of relevant indicators of health literacy data, comprehensive assessment of the level of health literacy about both individual and group, factors analysis of the residents′health literacy level to provide reference frame for carrying out monitoring of health literacy, formulating health promotion and health education strategies or standards.Methods: We use the stratified, multistage, random-sampling RMB design to draw samples, with the questionnaires provided by the《Chinese Citizens’Healthy Literacy-Basic Knowledge and Skills》.Also we use the form of home interview to investigate health knowledge and attitude, health lifestyle and behavior and health skills of our residents through which we can gather the related data of health literacy. Through descriptive analysis about the health knowledge and behavior, and we use Wilcoxon rank sum test, K-W test and MLR to analyze the factors which affect residents′health knowledge, behavior and skills. We use RSR comprehensive evaluation to give a comprehensive evaluation about the residents’health literacy and analyze the effect factors.Result: Chongqing residents display a good overall knowledge of the situation in health knowledge, health life style and behavior and health skills. But in certain special questions, it’s unoptimistic. The city residents have a better performance than the countryside residents in rating aspects and who have a better education or higher family average month incomes can get a high score. What is different, in the health knowledge aspect, masculine grading slightly is lower than the female, but in the health life style and behavior aspect, the female surpasses the male. The gender does not have influence on health skills grading. Looking from the age distribution, besides having no effect on the life style and behavior grading, the knowledge and skills display a declining trend with the age growth. After comprehensive evaluation, we can find that residents whose health literacy is in the medium level are the most, occupied the total number of people 45.13%.The age, education and average month income are the positive factor while the region are the negative factors. In the impact, the big to small in descending order are education, region, the average monthly income and age.Conclusion: We need pay more attention to health education and health promotion, create a health support environment to improve the residents′health literacy level because the residents don’t know the health knowledge very well, have a reasonable health lifestyle and behavior and not very good health skills. As the education、age and income have a significant influence on the health literacy level, we need a targeted health education to improve the level of vulnerable groups. As the city people have a higher level than the countryside resident, health education should focus on rural areas.更多还原