【作者】 杨必坤；

【导师】 张宏；

【作者基本信息】 四川师范大学 ， 生物化学与分子生物学， 2010， 硕士

【摘要】 枇杷花系蔷薇科枇杷属植物枇杷Eiobotrya.japonica(Thumb.) Lindl的干燥花蕾及花序。在我国,枇杷主要分布于四川、湖南、湖北、浙江、福建、重庆等地。枇杷花可入肺散寒,疏风止咳,通鼻窍,主治感冒咳嗽,鼻塞流涕,虚劳久咳,痰中带血、头风等症,民间常用于小儿肺热咳嗽及久咳不愈患者。枇杷树在花期要进行疏花以提高枇杷品质,每株约有60~80%的鲜花被疏掉,疏掉的枇杷花一般被遗弃而没有充分利用,造成了该植物资源的极大浪费。本课题组开展枇杷花的基础研究工作,为扩大枇杷属植物药用部位提供科学依据,枇杷花质量标准的建立则是十分重要的研究内容。前人对枇杷花的研究报道很少,在制定质量标准时可用于参考的资料十分有限。为全面评价枇杷花药材的质量,本课题组收集全国各大枇杷主产区有代表性的药材13批次,在主要参考《中华人民共和国药典》2005年版一部的基础上进行了较系统的质量标准研究:建立了枇杷花药材的显微鉴别和薄层鉴别方法;建立了紫外分光光度法测定枇杷花中总黄酮、总三萜的方法;建立了高效液相色谱法同时测定齐墩果酸和熊果酸的方法;建立了以熊果酸为参照峰的枇杷花高效液相色谱指纹图谱;补充完善了水分、灰分、浸出物等质量指标;还采用SPE-CGC法测定了枇杷花中有机氯农药残留量、GC-MS法测定了枇杷花中有机磷及拟除虫聚酯类农药残留量。撰写《枇杷花质量标准(草案)》时,又参考了2010年版《中华人民共和国药典》。本论文的研究成果,为控制药材的质量提供了可行的标准,填补了枇杷花药材质量标准这一空白。更多还原

【Abstract】 Loquat flower is the dried flowers of Eriobotrya japonica (Thund) Lindl. which belongs to rosaceae family. This species mainly distributed in Sichuan, Hunan, Hubei, Zhejiang, Fujian, Chongqing and other places in China.Loquat flower has been used for curing cold cough, snuffle and runny nose, cough with hemoptysis, head stroke and so on. It is usually used to treat Feire cough in children and chronic cough in folk. Flower thinning carries every year to present the highest quality fruit, which about 60~80% fresh flowers will be picked and then discard them like garbage. This is a terrible waste of plant resources. Our reaserch group focuses on the basic research of loquat flower to explore its medicinal value. So it is necessary to draw up the quality criterion of flowers of Eiobotrya.japonica (Thunb) Lindl.There are seldom reports about the researeh of loquat flower. 13 different batch of loquat flowers were collected from main distribution regions in China for researching the quality criterion, which taken Chinese Pharmacopoeia ChP (2005 edition) as the basic references. The main research contents will be reported shortly as follows.In this thesis, research has done on microscopical chatacteristics and TLC identification method of loquat flower. The content of total flavonoids and total triterpenoids were determined with ultraviolet spectrophotometry. A reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatographic method (RP-HPLC) was developed for the determination of oleanolic acid and ursolic acid at one time. The fingerprints of loquat flower was established by using HPLC with the peak of ursolic acid as reference. The research supplemented the deficiency of study of water content, ash and extractives content. Residues of organochlorine pesticides in loquat flower were determined by solid-phase extraction and capillary gas chromatography, while organophosphrous and pyrethroid pesticides residues were determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. We refered to the latest edition of Chinese Pharmacopoeia ChP (2010 edition) when writting the quality criterion of flowers of Eiobotrya.japonica (Thunb) Lindl.The research result of this thesis provided a feasible criterion to controle quality of loquat flower and also supplied a gap of quality criterion about loquat flower.更多还原