【作者】 冯晓艳；

【导师】 翟国勋；

【作者基本信息】 东北农业大学 ， 农业生物环境与能源工程， 2010， 硕士

【摘要】 新农村建设把生态安全问题放到重要的位置来抓,不仅基于单纯改善环境的单一角度,而是把它与农村新能源,强化循环经济产业链条提到同一高度来加以考虑。最近,许多学者在生物质能源转化方面提出了多功能与循环经济的发展思路,极富建设性。以作物秸秆、畜禽粪便、林产废弃物、有机垃圾等农林废弃物和环境污染物为原料,使之无害化和资源化。《方正县发酵床生态养猪猪舍关键技术研究与示范》项目正是基于这一目的展开实施的。该项目以发酵床综合利用和节能建造技术、废弃物处理技术,实现生态经济系统内物质和资源循环利用,解决猪舍保温、农村肥料、能源和环境三大问题;以农民合作组织为主体,在共建单位协助下调动农村的一切积极性,真正实现提高农民素质,改善农民生活环境和水平。本课题以方正县开发办实验基地为试点,提供设计方案、设计图纸并协助建造,2009年建成35m~2的小型发酵床式——生态猪舍,其中包括21m~2的育肥猪发酵床,利用猪粪发酵来实现环保、节能、优质、安全生产,为实验基地提供育肥仔猪5头、配套疫苗和育肥猪用饲料等。工程启动后,通过仪器对发酵床猪舍的环境温度、地面温度和有害气体含量等环境指标和料肉比、肉质情况等生产性能指标进行测试,并详细记录饲喂情况和疫病频率。通过对所测数据进行处理与比较得到以下结论::(1)工程在启动十天左右时,发酵床进入稳定运行状态。数据表明,发酵床猪舍能有效提高环境温度,地面温度,有利于寒冷季节猪舍的保温,减少了猪舍保温取暖的能源消耗。(2)通过测定发现,发酵床猪舍能显著降低猪舍氨气含量,在寒冷季节通风条件差时,能够有效控制猪舍氨气排放,净化猪舍的空气环境,使猪舍内无臭,少蚊蝇,有利于维护猪舍小环境质量和减少仔猪疾病发生,可为猪只提供良好的生存空间。(3)生物发酵床自然养猪技术,显著提高了猪的日增重和饲料转化率,提高了产肉率、瘦肉率和猪肉的品质,真正实现了高产、优质、高效养猪的目标。同时,发酵后的垫料又可作为有机肥还田,提高农作物的产量和质量,符合循环经济和新农村建设的要求。(4)此工程在提高猪的生产性能的同时,更重要的是解决了粪便污染问题,提高了农民居住生活条件、改善了生活质量,具有良好的经济、生态和社会效益。该技术还可用于鸡、鸭等家禽的养殖。更多还原

【Abstract】 The eco-security issue is placed in an important position task in the construction of new rural, not only to improve the environment based on a simple single point of view, but also to consider it on the height of the new energy in rural areas, strengthening the industrial chain of circular economy. Recently, many scholars put forward a development idea of multi-functional and recycling economy in biomass to energy, which is very constructive. Use agricultural and forest residues, environmental pollutants as raw materials, consisting of corn stalk, stockbreeding excrement, forest waste and organic waste and so on, to make it harmless and reclamation. "Studies and Demonstration on the Key Technologies of Hog House with Fermentation Bed for Feeder pigs in Fangzheng" project was launched based on this purpose.Taking advantage of the technology of fermentation comprehensive utilization, energy-saving building technology and waste disposal technology, the project will realize the recycling of material and resource in eco-economic system and solve the heat insulation, fertilizer, energy and environment problems in countryside; giving priority to body with farmer cooperative organization and with the assist of the unit in cooperation, it will mobilize the enthusiasm of the farmer and truly improve peasants’quality, living environment and level.This topic is to be with development office pilot in Fangzheng, providing design scheme, design drawings and assists the farmer to build pig house, in 2009 we built a 35 square meters of ecological pigpen with fermentation, including 21 square meters of growing and fattening pigs fermentation, making use of pig dung manufacturing to realize environmental protection, energy saving, high quality, safe production. We provide 5 good fattening pigs, vaccines and forage etc. After the launch of engineering, we tested ambient temperature, land surface temperature, harmful gases content,the ratio of feed and meat and productivity etc, writed down the situation of feeding and disease in detail. Based on the data processing and get the following conclusions:(1)Around 10 days, the fermentation bed is running to stable state.Data shows, the pigpen with fermentation bed can effectively enhance the environment temperature and the temperature of the earth,it is good for heat prevention in cold season and can reduce the energy consumption.(2)That, the pigpen with fermentation bed can significantly reduce NH3 content, during poor ventilation in cold season, it can effectively control ammonia emissions, purify air environment in pigpen. It is helpful for maintaining the environment quality and reducing piglet disease, provides good living space for pigs. (3)Fermentation technology, significantly increased pig plecata and the feed conversion, improved lean meat percentage, the efficiency of producing meat and the quality, really achieving the goal of high-yield, high-quality and high-efficiency. At the same time, the padding after fermenting as organic fertilizer, can improve crop yields and quality, is up to the mustard of circular economy and the construction of new countryside.(4)This project improved the productivity of pigs, what is more, solved the problems of feces pollution, improved farmers living conditions and the quality of life, and has good economic, ecological and social benefits. This technology can also be used to poultry farming, e.g chickens, ducks, etc.更多还原