【作者】 赵庆；

【导师】 王崑；

【作者基本信息】 东北农业大学 ， 园林植物与观赏园艺， 2010， 硕士

【摘要】 社区一词近十年才在中国被广泛地使用,它既指居住地界也包含社区文化与社区管理。从知觉和空间的角度来看,社区景观是社区中的人自身及其周围环境的物质与精神的载体,与人的知觉及其空间的定位有着相当直接的关系,这也是研究社区景观第五立面的前提和基础。狭义地说,第五立面景观是指整体空间景观的顶面和底面,而从广义上来说,第五立面景观不仅指代视觉上的超常视点的景观,同时还包括欣赏第五立面景观的主体身处其中所获得的一系列景观以及相应的感受。对社区进行必要的第五立面景观设计,有以下意义:第一,丰富社区竖向景观;第二,社区景观与建筑的融合;第三,社区的情感认同;第四,打造更为宜居的社区小环境。第五立面景观是一种超常视点、超人尺度的特殊景观,虽然在日常生活中发生的频率较低,但其对于城市整体以及局部景观形象所起的作用是不容忽视的。因此,通过对社区第五立面景观的合理塑造,有利于提高社区景观的质量。全文包括五部分内容:1.介绍城市景观发展趋势以及社区第五立面景观的发展历程,对相关概念进行界定,并分析社区第五立面景观的功能,阐述了社区第五立面景观设计的重要性;2.深入分析社区的物质属性和精神属性,并以此对当今社区存在的问题进行剖析,反映了社区居民对社区第五立面景观的需求;3.研究了社区第五立面景观设计的理论基础框架,包括:需求层次理论,环境心理学相关理论,景观生态学相关理论,“反规划”的相关理论,景观规划设计的三元论;阐述了相关理论对社区第五立面景观设计的指导作用,4.结合相关理论和实例,提出了社区第五立面景观体系,阐释了城市社区第五立面景观设计方法,并利用层次分析法对设计方法重要性进行量化处理,权重比较,得出各设计方法的重要性排序,并建立社区第五立面景观质量评价方程,为不同社区第五立面景观质量比较提供了量化依据。然后,通过设计方法的具体措施,为传统社区景观设计的研究与发展提供有力补充。5.以金华市兴学社区为例,通过对社区居民关于社区景观满意度进行问卷调查,用专业统计分析软件对调查数据进行量化分析,反映出社区景观存在的问题,并根据存在的问题,提出社区进行第五立面景观改造构想。综上所述,本文得出以下结论:提出了城市社区第五立面景观的物质属性和精神属性:物质属性包括空间与形态围合,声环境、光环境和热环境,服务设施,“地”;精神属性包括视觉形象带来的愉悦感,识别性,归属感,社区理念的延续;初步建立了以需求层次理论、环境心理学理论、景观生态学理论、“反规划”理论、景观规划设计的三元论为基础的城市社区第五立面景观体系:规划控制体系、空间层次体系、生态绿化体系、识别认同体系;分析总结提出了城市社区第五立面景观的设计方法:整体性设计、“反规划”设计、立体化设计、多样性设计、特色化设计,并对各种设计方法进行重要性评价,得出设计方法的权重排序:1)立体化设计;2)特色化设计;3)多样性设计;4)整体性设计;5)“反规划”设计;建立社区第五立面景观质量评价方程,为不同社区第五立面景观质量比较提供了量化依据;总结出城市第五立面景观详细设计,包括建筑第五立面设计中的设计模型与技术方案,以及第五立面地面环境设计中的各项技术要点(铺装设计,种植设计,地形设计);最后,将所得结论应用到具体实践中,对金华市兴学社区进行第五立面景观改造,提出了兴学社区中的建筑物与构筑物,以及较大的活动场地第五立面景观改造的基本思路(基于“千层饼”理论,以“点”,“线”,“面”的形式进行第五立面景观改造)。更多还原

【Abstract】 The word "community" is widely used in China for the nearly decade including both the boundary and the community-living culture and management.From the perspective of perception and space, community landscape is a material and spiritual carrier of people themselves and their surroundings in community and has a very direct relationship with human perception and spatial orientation , which is the premise and foundation of the research on the 5th elevation landscape design in urban community.Narrowly speaking, the 5th Elevation landscape is the landscape of the top and bottom of whole space , and broadly speaking, the 5th facede landscape not only refers to the extraordinary visual point of the landscape, but also includes series of landscape and the corresponding feelings which the main body has held.Community carrying out the necessary 5ht elevation landscape design, have the following meanings: firstly, rich community-vertical landscape; Secondly, integration of the landscape and architecture; thirdly, identity of the community’s emotional ; fourthly, create a more suitable living environment in community.The 5th elevation is a kind of special landscape which has an extraordinary point of view,and a Superman scale.Although the frequency of occurrence in everyday life is low, the role for the whole city as well as the local landscape image can not be ignored.Therefore, reasonably shaping the 5th elevation of the community will help to improve the quality of the community landscape.This dissertation is divided into five parts:Part 1.This part discribes the development trend of urban landscape and development process of the 5th elevation landscape in urban community.And then, defines some relevant concepts, analysizes features of the 5th elevation landscape in urban community,and at last sum up the great significance of the 5th elevation landscape design in urban community;Part 2.This part deeply analysizes the material property and the spirit property of community,and thus dissects the problems of current communities, and furthermore draws residents’needs to the 5th elevation landscape in urban community;Part 3.This part discuss the related basic theory of the 5th elevation landscape design, including: hierarchy of needs theory, related theories of environmental psychology, landscape ecology theories, "anti-planning" of the relevant theory, and the ternary theory of landscape planning and design;Part 4.This part Combined with related theories and examples ,the author presents the system of the 5th elevation landscape in community ,explains the design of the 5th elevation landscape in urban communities, and makes a use of the AHP method to quantify the importance of design methods.Through the weight of comparison, the author obtains the important orders of design methods.Through the specific measures ,this reserch provides a powerful complement for the traditional landscape design in urban communities;Part 5.This part takes the example of XingXue community in Jinhua City. Through the survey of the satisfaction for the landscape in community from the residents,the author makes a use rofessional statistical analysis software for quantitative analysis of survey data, and thus draws problem of the landscape in the community.Then making a use of the conclusions,the author makes a transformation for the 5th elevation landscape of XingXue community.In summary, this dissertation makes some conclusions that: Propose the physical properties and spiritual properties of the 5th elevation landscape in urban communities: physical properties,such as space and shape enclosure, acoustic environment, light environment and thermal environment, service facilities,and the "ground "; spiritual properties include the joy brought by the visual image,a sense of distinctiveness, a sense of belonging, and continuity of the community concept; Initially established the 5th elevation landscape system on basis of a hierarchy of needs theory, environmental psychology theory, landscape ecology theory," anti-planning "theory, and the ternary theory of landscape planning and design: planning and control system, space-level systems, eco-green system, identify and identity system; Analyze,summarize and propose the 5th elevation landscape design method in urban communities:Holistic design, "anti-plan" design, Stereoscopic design, diversity of design, and features design.Then carry out the importance evaluation of various design methods, and obtain the weight order of design methods:1) Stereoscopic design; 2) Features design ; 3) Diversity of design; 4) Holistic design; 5) "Anti-planning" design;Sum up specific measures of the 5th elevation landscape design,including the 5ht elevation construction design models and technology programs, as well as the ground environment of the 5th elevation landscape in the various technical elements of the design(Pavement design, Planting design, Topograghy design); Finally, apply the conclusions to the specific practice,transformat the 5th elevation landscape of XingXue communities and present the basic ideas (use the forms of“point”,”line”,”plane”which is on the basis of the theory layer cake )of the 5th elevation landscape transformation of buildings and structures, as well as the large activity Venues.更多还原