【作者】 李立凤；

【导师】 张景涛；

【作者基本信息】 东北农业大学 ， 蔬菜学， 2010， 硕士

【摘要】 辣椒疫病(Phytophthora capsici Leonian)是由鞭毛菌亚门卵菌纲霜霉目辣椒疫霉菌引起的一种真菌性土传病害。病原菌生理小种多样化。该病在辣椒种植区发生普遍,发病迅速,给辣椒生产造成严重损失。抗辣椒疫病品种是防治辣椒疫病最经济有效的手段。对病原菌的研究和筛选抗源是选育抗病品种的必要条件。研究内容:1.病原菌的分离与鉴定。2.病原菌生物学特性的研究。3.苗期抗性鉴定方法的筛选。4.病原菌生理小种的鉴定。5.抗病种质资源的筛选。试验结论:1.对辽宁、吉林、黑龙江三省的辣椒疫霉菌样本进行分离、纯化、鉴定,确认28.9%的病样为辣椒疫霉菌。2.辣椒疫霉菌最佳的生长条件和产孢条件:辣椒疫霉菌菌丝生长培养基是燕麦培养基和玉米粉培养基;辣椒疫霉菌产孢培养基为马铃薯培养基;保存菌种培养基是马铃薯培养基;辣椒疫霉菌菌丝生长最适温度为28℃;最适宜产孢温度为30℃;病菌生长和产孢最适宜pH值为7;每天24h光照最适合辣椒疫霉菌产孢,全光照6天后,游动孢子量最大。3.采用L9(34)正交设计法研究辣椒苗期抗性鉴定方法。接种鉴定方法的最优组合为:接种方法为灌根法,接种浓度为2X104个孢子/ml,接种苗龄为7片真叶。4.对辽宁、吉林、黑龙江三省辣椒疫霉菌进行生理小种的鉴定,共出现三个生理小种,即Race1、Race2和Race3,且主要以Race3为主,占调查总数的47.4%,Race1和Race2所占比例相同,都为26.3%,因此可以确定Race3为优势生理小种。其中丹东、大连、沈阳于洪区、沈阳北票、法库地区的生理小种均为Race 1;沈阳农科院生理小种为Race 1和Race2 ;吉林省蔬菜所生理小种为Race2和Race3;公主岭和四平地区生理小种为Race3;牡丹江地区生理小种为Race1和Race2;佳木斯生理小种为Race3;肇东和大庆的生理小种为Race1;哈尔滨的生理小种为Race 3。5.采用最佳接种方法,选用东北三省优势生理小种Race3,对哈尔滨市农业科学院辣椒课题组的51份材料进行疫病苗期抗性鉴定。筛选结果为:高抗材料1份,抗病材料10份,中抗材料19份,感病材料21份。更多还原

【Abstract】 Chili Phytophthora blight, which caused by Phytophthora capsici that belongs to Mastigomycotina Oomycetes Peronosporales Phytophthora, was fungal soilborn disease and happened frequently in open and protected fields. The races of Phytophthora capsici were diversity. The disease had a wide geographical distribution, and developed rapidly, caused serious reduction in chili production. The research of the pathogen and disease-resistance breeding was necessary and effective method to control the disease.Experiment contents :1. The isolation and identification of pathogens. 2. Biological characteristics of the pathogene. 3. Screening the method for chili resistance identification to Phytophthora capsici at seedling stage. 4. Races identification from different regions. 5. Screening resistant germplasm.Conclusion:1. 28.9% isolates was Phytophthora capsici through the isolation, purification and identification of pathogens from Liaoning, Jilin, Heilongjiang.2. The culture medium for the growth of the pathogen were oats culture medium and corn flour medium; PSA culture medium was suitable for sporagia producing; the best preservation medium was PSA medium; 28℃was the most appropriate temperature for the growth of the pathogen, and 30℃was the suitable temperature for sporagia producing; the optimal pH was 7 for the growth of the pathogen and sporagia producing; 24h illumination was the best for sporagia producing, the quantity of zoospore was the largest after six days full- illumination , .3. The identification of the chili resistance to Phytophthora capsici at seeding stage was studied by the method of replicated orthogonal design.The optical combination of identification of chili resisrance to Phytophthora capsici was immersing-rooting inoculation method at 7-leaf stage and 2X104 per milliliter inoculation concentration.4. Identification of pathogens from Liaoning, Jilin, Heilongjiang, there was three race,which is Race1、Race2、Race3, race3 which accounted for 47.4%,Race1 and Race2 were the same proportion ,was 26.3%. Race 3 was the dominant race in northeastern China.The race was Race 1 in Dandong, Dalian, Yuhong district, Beipiao and Faku, Shenyang; race from Shenyang Academy of Agricultural Sciences was Race 1 and Race 2; the race of Gongzhuling and Siping was Race 3; the race was Race 1 and Race 2 from Mudanjiang; Jiamusi was Race 2; the l race in Zhaodong and Daqing was Race 1; the race of Harbin was Race 3.5. 51 chili varieties from the Harbin Academy of Agricultural Sciences were inoculated by the above combination.The results of screening disease-resistant chili were that there was one high-resistant variety; 10 resistant varieties; 19 medium-resisitant varieties; 21 the susceptible varieties.更多还原