【作者】 宗园；

【导师】 孙珮石； 毕晓伊；

【作者基本信息】 云南大学 ， 生态学， 2010， 硕士

【摘要】 SO₂和NO_x气体是造成大气污染的主要污染物,不仅对人体健康造成危害,同时它们也是形成酸雨、光化学烟雾的主要原因。生物法废气净化技术净化效果好,操作稳定,能耗小,投资少,运行费用低,但做为一种新型的废气处理方式,生物法净化烟气中SO₂和NO_x的技术目前还处于实验室研究阶段,与实际工业应用还有一定差距。对于生物反应器及工艺流程作特殊的设计及研究,满足不同菌种的生物反应条件及营养需求,并达到高效同步脱硫脱氮效果,将为生物法的工程应用奠定基础,具有重要的参考价值和学术意义。本课题以燃煤烟气中的SO₂和NO_x为研究对象,采用生物膜填料塔作为主体净化设备,对提高目标污染物的净化性能的方法进行了系统的实验研究。研究中分别考察了净化过程中SO₂和NO_x的关系、添加营养液的影响等方法对生物法净化烟气中SO₂和NO_x的净化性能影响,并针对生物膜填料塔同时净化烟气中的SO₂和NO_x时系统对NO_x净化效果不理想的现象,采用脱硫塔+脱氮塔组合形成串联式双塔流程净化处理烟气中的SO₂和NO_x,同时还对双塔流程的净化效果和系统反应产物及优势菌种进行了考察。主要研究成果如下:在使用生物膜填料塔同时脱硫脱氮过程中,随SO₂进口浓度的增加,NO_x的净化效率降低;随NO_x进口浓度的增加,SO₂的净化效率由86.4%升高至100%,NO_x有利于微生物的生长增殖和提高微生物的活性。自养菌营养液的添加对生物膜脱氮效率的促进极为显著,使脱氮率由23.3%提高到67.9%。在相同的实验条件下处理相同浓度范围的SO₂和NO_x气体,串联式双塔脱硫脱氮系统的净化效果明显优于单一生物膜填料塔同时脱硫脱氮的净化效果,其对SO₂的净化效率为100%,对NO_x的净化效率最高可达90%以上。对于串联式双塔脱硫脱氮系统,脱硫塔反应物与产物基本平衡;脱氮塔循环液中NO3-浓度测定结果与计算结果差距远高于塔内微生物的自身消耗量,反应物与产物不平衡。脱硫塔循环液能有效浸出氧化铜矿的铜。从脱硫塔内分离出了6个代表性优势菌种,少动鞘氨醇单胞菌（Sphingomonas paucimobilis）、嗜酸性氧化硫硫杆菌（Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans）、丛生丝孢酵母（Trichosporon pullulans）、硝化杆菌科细菌（Nitrobacter）、食酸戴尔福特菌（Delftia acidovorans）、链二孢属极端嗜酸真菌（Bispora sp.）。从脱氮塔内鉴定出脱氮塔优势菌群组成为:硝化细菌硝化杆菌（Nitrobacter vulgaris）和反硝化细菌热单胞菌（Thermomonas brevis）、不动杆菌（Acinetobacter venetianus ）。更多还原

【Abstract】 Nitrogen oxides （NO_x） and sulfur dioxide （SO₂） are most important classes of air pollutants, causing acid rain, being harmful to human health, resulting in the photochemistry smoke and environment and climate change. Biological purification technology became one of hot topics of the world’s industrial waste gas purification for its good purifying effect, operation stability, small energy consumption, low investment and low operating costs, no secondary pollution, etc. But as a new type of flue gas treatment, the technology of purifies SO₂ and NO_x from flue gas by biological method is still in the stage of laboratory research. Optimization of purification methods and devices, as well as the study of biological characteristics of microbial degradation of the biochemical reactions and the nutritional needs of microbe, enhancing capability of desulfurization and denitrification, will lay the foundation for the application; it has an important engineering value and academic significance.The methods of enhancing capability of purifying SO₂ and NO_x from flue gas by biological method are studies in this paper. Test studies on the relationship between SO₂ and NO_x in the process of simultaneous desulfurization and denitrification by biological methods and the effect of addition of nutrient solution for purification efficiency of purifying SO₂ and NO_x. And the test using series-wound desulfurizing and denitrifying system which assembled by a biotrickling filter which used to desulfurization link with a biotrickling filter which used to denitrification to purifying SO₂ and NO_x from flue gas to solve the low purification efficiency of denitrification when purifying SO₂ and NO_x from flue gas by biological method. The test also studies on the capability of purifying SO₂ and NO_x from flue gas by using series-wound desulfurizing and denitrifying system, recycle the outgrowth, isolated and identificated special microorganisms. The major results are:In the process of desulfurization and denitrification by using biotrickling filter, the purification efficiency of NO_x will decrease when the concentration of SO₂ enhances; the purification efficiency of SO₂ was increased from 86.4% to 100% when the concentration of NO_x enhances; NO_x are propitious to microbial reproduction and increased microbial activity. The addition of autotroph nutrient solution significantly increased the purification efficiency of denitrification, was increased 45%.In the same experimental conditions dealing with the same concentration of SO₂ and NO_x gases, the capability of purifying SO₂ and NO_x from flue gas by using series-wound desulfurizing and denitrifying system was better than the purification efficiency of simultaneous desulfurization and denitrification by using only one biotrickling filter, the purification efficiency of SO₂ was 100% and the purification efficiency of NO_x could up to 90%.In series-wound desulfurizing and denitrifying system, there is basicly balance between the reactants and the products in the biotrickling filter which used to desulfurization; there is a large gap between the measured and calculated results of the NO3- concentration in the biotrickling filter which used to denitrification, the reactants and the products do not balance. The circulating fluid from the biotrickling filter which used to desulfurization cans effectively leaching copper from copper oxide.Sphingomonas paucimobilis, Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans, Trichosporon pullulans, Nitrobacter, Delftia acidovorans and Bispora sp. have been isolated from the biotrickling filter which used to desulfurization. And Nitrobacter vulgaris, Thermomonas brevis, Acinetobacter venetianus and Chloroflexi bacterium have been isolated from the biotrickling filter which used to denitrification.更多还原