试论当代藏传佛教在内地传播的原因、特点和发展趋势

【作者】 彭兰闵；

【导师】 班班多杰；

【作者基本信息】 中央民族大学 ， 宗教学， 2010， 硕士

【摘要】 在全球化背景下,社会关系和社会交往日趋开放和丰富,不同文化的习俗、道德、价值观和生活方式也通过跨文化传播的模式延伸并渗透到异质文化中,其中宗教的跨文化传播显得尤其引人注目。一般而言,文化的传播受到接纳者社会文化环境的制约,佛教在两千五百多年的传播过程中,涉及到不同的民族、地域、文化和时代,由于始终坚持“合理契机”的宏传原则,最终得以形成现代佛教的三大支系。改革开放以后,在世俗化倾向日益浓厚、现代化进程不断加速的当代中国社会,内地城市成为藏传佛教再度东渐的主要区域,那么,藏传佛教得以重新在内地复传并兴盛的因缘和契机是什么?又是何种原因使得越来越多的汉族人舍弃近在眼前的汉传佛教,反而投入与自身文化背景迥然不同的藏传佛教的怀抱?当代藏传佛教在内地传播的状况与特点如何?这些问题都值得学界进行深入的探讨。本研究运用实地调研、深入访谈以及问卷统计等相关社会学及人类学方法,来考察内地藏传佛教的传播状况；借鉴跨文化传播和文化选择等理论,分析藏传佛教在内地发展的原因和特点。全文共四部分。第一章包括选题动机、研究目的、相关研究现状和研究方法,并对论文所涉及的范畴加以规定。第二章主要论述当代藏传佛教在内地的传播状况,从信仰主体、宗教活动场所、宗教仪式以及宗教行为等方面着手,呈现当代藏传佛教在内地发展的特点。第三章的第一部分重点分析当代藏传佛教在内地再度复传的原因,从五方面进行考量：政策环境及经济原因、信仰者心理因素、当代汉传佛教面临的挑战、藏传佛教的特色、藏族文化的神秘色彩；当代藏传佛教在内地的发展前景也是值得关注的问题之一,因此第三章第二部分重点探讨藏传佛教在传播过程中因需要顺应内地信仰者的价值取向、思维方式和信仰习俗而出现的新趋向。文章最后对当代藏传佛教在内地的传播状况、特点等进行了总结。附录部分,主要是本研究中涉及到的问卷、访谈名单及其它相关资料。认识和研究当代藏传佛教在内地传播的现状与发展趋势不仅具有学术价值,而且具有重要的现实意义,但国内与此相关的研究相当少见。笔者在此次研究中做了较大胆的尝试,选择内地藏传佛教信仰者作为主体来解读当代藏传佛教的再度东渐,以弥补相关研究的不足。本课题的研究价值主要在于：第一、在一定程度上展示了当代藏传佛教东渐的图景及特点。第二、通过研究,分析探讨了当代藏传佛教得以在内地复兴的“机”与“理”。本论文仅是一个尝试性的研究,希望能够抛砖引玉。限于笔者才疏学浅,文中错谬之处在所难免,敬请诸多有识之士批评指正。更多还原

【Abstract】 Social relations and interactions have been flourished in a gradually open mode along with the process of globalization. Different customs, moral values and lifestyles are extended into different cultures through cross-cultural communication, among which religious communication between different cultures is prominent. Generally, cultural communication is restrained by the receivers’cultural backgrounds. In the past 2500 years, Buddhism has undergone different nations, places, cultures and epochs, and modern Buddhism has developed into three grand branches, for always abiding by the principle of "coincide the dharma with practitioners’capacity".Since reform and opening-up, with the accelerating modernization, modern China was, and still is, turning into a more and more secularized society. Along with the eastward movement, inland cites become the primal areas for Tibetan Buddhism. What would be the causes and conditions that have intrigued the revival of Tibetan Buddhism? And why more and more Han people turned their backs on the Chinese Buddhism and converted into Tibetan Buddhism? What are the characteristics and conditions of the propagation of Tibetan Buddhism in the inland areas? These would be questions worthy of academic concerns.Adopting the sociologist and anthropologist methodology, and with the efforts of field research, interviews and surveys, this thesis would focus on the performance of Tibetan Buddhism in the inland areas. And this thesis would also take the reference of cross-cultural communication theory and the theory of cultural selection, etc. to analyze the causes and characteristics of the spreading of Tibetan Buddhism in the inland.The whole thesis is divided into four parts. ChapterⅠincludes the motive of study, research purposes, research survey, the extent of this specific research and an introduction to methodology. ChapterⅡdiscusses the development of modern Tibetan Buddhism in the inland areas, covering the topics of the body of belief, venue for religious activities, religious rituals and behaviors, in order to reveal the characteristics of the modern Tibetan Buddhism in the inland. The first part of ChapterⅢdiscusses the causes of the recent revival of Tibetan Buddhism in the inland. And this question would be considered from five aspects:political environment and economic reasons, the psychological reasons of the believers, the challenges in modern Chinese Buddhism, the characteristics of Tibetan Buddhism and the mysterious hue of the Tibetan culture. However, the prospects of modern Tibetan Buddhism in the inland is also question worthy of concern, so the second part of ChapterⅢwould highlights the new trends that have been taking place in the process of Tibetan Buddhism dissemination in accordance with the Values, ways of thinking and beliefs of the inland believers. Thus a conclusion would be reached at the end of this chapter.The appendix includes the questionnaire, list of interviewers and other related materials.The research and understanding of the present status of the dissemination of Tibetan Buddhism in the inland and its further course of development has more than academic values, but realistic significance indeed. However, domestic researchers have more or less overlooked this area. The author has taken the inland Tibetan Buddhism as research body to interpret the reviving eastward movement of the Tibetan Buddhism in order to fill the gap of relative researches. The significance of this study basically lie in two aspects:first, giving readers a panoramic view of the contemporary eastward movement of the Tibetan Buddhism and its related characteristics; second, based on the research, digging into the opportunities and conditions which have stirred the revival of the Tibetan Buddhism in the inland.Though this thesis has embraced a great ambition, yet it is still a tentative study. Due to the shallowness and carelessness, more efforts would be required to this thesis and your invaluable advice and suggestions cannot be appreciated too much.更多还原