【作者】 常洪伦；

【导师】 巩恩普； 关长庆；

【作者基本信息】 东北大学 ， 矿产普查与勘探， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 黔南地区在晚石炭世发育了大规模的生物礁,礁体规模在后生动物造架礁里尚属罕见。现代生物礁在热带海洋里广泛发育,珊瑚礁占据了绝大多数。本文以发育于紫云猴场扁平村的晚石炭世珊瑚礁和发育于中国南海和华南大陆沿岸的现代珊瑚礁为代表,对两种礁体的特征和发育演化做了对比。扁平村珊瑚礁由四个单元组成,按照自下而上的顺序依次是：生物碎屑滩单元、点礁泥丘单元、Formitchevella定殖单元和Formitchevella统殖单元。根据礁岩中沉积物的特点,可以划分出五个沉积相带。根据生态系统中各种生物的生活和捕食习性,划分出了处于不同营养级的生物群团,并分析了珊瑚礁群落的营养结构和营养机制。群落在礁体发育的过程中也不断演变,按照礁岩出现的旋回特征,将礁群落划分出叶状藻群落、Ivanovia cf. manchurica群落、Ivanovia cf. manchurica-Antheria群落和Fomitchevella群落。通过分析各个生物群团在造礁过程中所起的作用,划分出了不同的功能群团,它们共同作用建造了礁体。礁群落的演化决定了礁体的生长发育,礁体的建造过程：首先形成了生物碎屑滩；然后蓝细菌、叶状藻和Ivanovia cf. manchurica群落分别作用,共同建造了下部的点礁层；接着由于环境的变化接受了一次沉积,再次形成了生物碎屑滩；之后Fomitchevella定殖该区分散发展,没有形成造礁群落；最后Fomitchevella群落迅速壮大并统殖海底,环境的再次变化导致Fomitchevella死亡,礁体的建造过程结束。现代珊瑚礁经历了珊瑚定殖、群落繁盛、发育停滞和珊瑚礁发展等几个阶段,经历了几个生长—停滞旋回后,最终形成大型礁体并继续发育。本文通过对两种礁体的研究,得到了礁体在形态特征、内部结构、生物学特征、造礁作用、群落演化和礁体发育等方面的异同点。现代珊瑚礁与黔南晚石炭世珊瑚礁的基本特征类似,沉积特征、造礁作用、礁体形成过程也大同小异。不同之处在于生物学特征,现代珊瑚礁群落中的生物种类更先进,生物量和分异度也更大。黔南晚石炭世珊瑚礁的几次生长停滞说明了在晚石炭世黔南地区经历了大规模的环境变化,海侵海退和气候变化的辐度要远远高于现代。更多还原

【Abstract】 Large-scale reefs were developed in the Late-Carboniferous in south Guizhou, and the size of the reefs were rare in metazoa frame-building reef. Modern reefs are well developed in tropic sea and most of them are coral reefs.In this paper, the Late-Carboniferous coral reef in south Guizhou and modern reefs in’ South Sea of China and along Continental Coast of South China are taken for examples to show the contrast between two kinds coral reef in terms of the characteristics and evolusion.The reef structure is, from the bottom to top, composed of four subunits:bioclastic shore, patchy reefs and mud mound, bioclastic limestone and Fomitchevella framestone. Five sedimentary facies belts are marked off according to the characteristics of the sediment in the reef rock.Some biological groups of different trophic levels are marked off according to biotic life and predation habits, and the trophic structure and trophic mechanism of the reef community are analyzed. The community evolved all through the process of reef development. From the aspect of cycle features of the reef rock, the reef community can be divided into four subcommunities:Phylloid algae, Ivanovia cf. manchurica, Ivanovia cf. manchurica-Antheria and Fomitchevella community. Based on analysis of contribution to reef development, different functional groups are marked off, and they build the reef together.Reef community’s evolution determined reef’s growth and development. The process of reef-building was:firstly the bioclastic shore was formed, then cyanobacteria, Phylloid algae and Ivanovia cf. manchurica acted respectively and built the patch-reef subunit together, and then another sediment was received due to the environmental changes and new bioclastic shore was formed, and afterwards Fomitchevella colonized and grew dispersedly and no reef-building community was formed, and at last Fomitchevella community developed rapidly and dominated the ocean floor, another environmental change resulted in Fomitchevella’s death, and reef-building was over then.The formation of modern coral reef experienced several stages:coral colonizing, community bloom, arrest of development and reef development. After some grow-detention cycles, large-scale reef was formed and kept growing.Based on the research on these two kinds of reef, similarities and differences on morphological characteristics, internal structure, biological characteristics, reef-building mechanism, community evolution and reef development are obtained. Modern reefs and the late-Carboniferous reefs in southern Guizhou have the similar basic characteristics, and sediment features, reef-building mechanisms and reef-building processes are also alike. The only difference lies in biological features. The biologic species in modern coral reef community are more advanced and biomass and diversity are also higher. The several growth retardations of the late-Carboniferous coral reefs in southern Guizhou explain that this region went through massive environmental changes, and the degree of transgression, regression and climate changes are much higher than modern period.更多还原