【作者】 郝娟娟；

【导师】 丁雨龙；

【作者基本信息】 南京林业大学 ， 植物学， 2010， 硕士

【摘要】 乌饭树(Vaccinium bracteatum Thunb.),是集保健、药用、观赏等多种价值于一身,极有开发利用前景的野生树种。本研究在对乌饭树资源分布状况进行调查,并收集与保存20份乌饭树地理种源的种质资源100株的基础上,对不同种源乌饭树嫩叶营养物质动态变化、嫩枝扦插繁殖、扦插生根解剖学等进行了研究。主要结论如下:1.乌饭树分布在长江以南丘陵及海拔400-1400m的山地上。乌饭树为喜阳植物,喜酸性环境,耐贫瘠。组成乌饭树群落主要科有壳斗科(Fagaceae)、樟科(Lauraceae)、蝶形花科(Fabaceae)、蔷薇科(Rosaceae)、山茶科(Theaceae)、马鞭草科(Verbenaceae)。2.本试验对20个不同种源乌饭树嫩叶中主要活性物质(总黄酮)和一般营养成分(可溶性蛋白、游离氨基酸、可溶性总糖)的含量进行了研究。结果表明,5-6月份含量最高,随着时间的推移逐渐下降,到了10月份又有缓慢上升的趋势。综合分析各营养物质的变化趋势,初步判定乌饭树嫩叶的适宜采摘时期应在5-6月份或者10月份。以经纬度为自变量,各营养物质月平均含量为因变量进行趋势面分析,氨基酸含量呈经纬度双向变异,其表现出以113°E、26°N为中心向四周递减的趋势;可溶性总糖含量的变异也受经纬度双重控制,表现为以东南、西北方向的含量最高,向中间递减的趋势。而总黄酮含量、可溶性蛋白含量的变化没有明显的规律性。作为保健资源栽培选育,以6月份乌饭树各种源嫩叶营养物质含量为指标,运用距离综合评价法(TOPSIS)可以初步筛选出浙江金华、湖南汨罗、江苏南京、江苏宜兴、安徽广德为适宜苏南地区生长的优良种源。3.野生乌饭树嫩枝扦插技术研究发现,IBA可以显著提高插穗的生根率,但ABT对插穗的生根效果较好;最适基质为泥炭土+珍珠岩(1:1),与其他处理差异显著;嫩枝扦插适宜的时间是春季,利用未萌动的休眠枝,生根效果好。4.利用石蜡切片技术,对乌饭树不定根发育过程进行了观察研究,发现乌饭树插穗生根类型属诱导生根型,根原基由芽隙薄壁细胞或者是髓射线与维管形成层交叉处细胞脱分化分裂而成。乌饭树插穗生根难易与茎的解剖构造紧密相关。大多数乌饭树插条的基部都有愈伤组织产生,愈伤组织起到输送水分和营养的作用。更多还原

【Abstract】 Vaccinium bracteatum Thunb. is regarded as a quite useful tree, because of the multi-value including health function, medical and ornamental uses. The distribution of Vaccinium bracteatum Thunb. was investigated in this paper. One hundred plants belonging to 20 provenances were collected and conserved. And on this base, nutrients dynamic changes among different provenances, softwood cutting propagation technology and cutting rooting anatomical observation were studied. The main results are as follows:1. Vaccinium bracteatum Thunb. was distributed on hills and mountains above 400-1400 sea level in south of Yangtze river. Vaccinium bracteatum Thunb. was a kind of plant, which preferred sunshine and acid soil environment, and it had capacity of tolerance to leanness. The major families consisting of Vaccinium bracteatum community were Fagaceae, Lauraceae, Fabaceae, Rosaceae, Theaceae and Verbenaceae.2. The dynamic changes of the main active substance (total flavonoids) and general nutrients (solubility proteins、amino acid and soluble sugar) contents in the leaves of different Vaccinium bracteatum provenances were studied in the paper. The results showed the trend that the content was the highest levels during May and June, gradually decreased over time, and went another slow upward to October. Comprehensive analysis of the trends of nutrients, leaves in Vaccinium bracteatum provenances should be picked during May and June or in October by the initial determination.Trend surface analysis of geographic variations was made with longitude and latitude being independent variable, the average content of nutrients being induced variable. The content of amino acid showed a center (crossing of 113°E and 26°N)-round variation, with the decrease from the center to the round. The variation of total soluble sugar content was also affected by latitude and longitude, and it showed the trend that it decreased from the southeast and northwest to the middle. However, there was no significant trend in the variation of total flavonoids and solubility proteins.Regarding nutrients content in June among Vaccinium bracteatum provenances as index, six superior provenances were preliminary selected for health purpose, which were respectively Jinhua in Zhejiang, Miluo in Hunan, Nanjing in Jiangsu, Yixing in Jiangsu, Guangde in Anhui.3. Wild Vaccinium bracteatum semi-lignified cutting propagation technology was studied in this paper. The result showed: IBA could significantly improve rooting rate, while ABT had the optimal rooting effect; the mixture substrate (peat soil 1: perlite 1) was the better substrate, with significant difference to others. It had the better rooting effect for cutting got from the dormant branches in spring.4. Anatomical study on rooting of Vaccinium bracteatum Thunb. cutting has been carried out by the paraffin section method. The observation result shows that the adventitious root primordium of Vaccinium bracteatum cutting belonged to the type of induced root primordium. The adventitious root primordium originates from proliferation of parenchyma cells in bud gap or the cross region of vascular cambium and pith rays. The difficulty of cutting rooting was closely related to the stem anatomical structure. Most of the base of the cuttings had produced callus, and callus played a role on transporting water and nutrients.更多还原