【作者】 高珊珊；

【导师】 楼崇； 顾小平；

【作者基本信息】 南京林业大学 ， 生态学， 2010， 硕士

【摘要】 本研究以我国南方常见的四种3-4年生大径丛生竹——油簕竹(Bambusa lapidea McClure)、车筒竹(Bambusa sinospinosa McClure)、越南巨竹(Dendrocalamus yunnanicus Hsueg et D.Z.Li)和麻竹(Dendrocalamus latiflorus Munro)为研究对象,并将油簕竹、越南巨竹和麻竹加工成竹篾层积材,按照国家标准中规定的调查和测试方法,对四个竹种的秆形结构、竹材的物理性质、竹材的力学强度、板材的物理力学性质、竹材的纤维形态等进行了系统的比较研究,研究结果如下:从秆形结构和物理力学性质的测定和分析结果来看,四种竹种均属于秆形高大,节间较长的竹种,越南巨竹和麻竹的全高、秆高与胸径具有密切的相关性,并且尖削度较小;油簕竹、车筒竹、越南巨竹和麻竹竹材的基本密度分别为0.742g/cm3、0.678g/cm3、0.761g/cm3和0.601g/cm3,气干体积干缩性分别为4.61%、3.82%、3.28%和3.66%,四种竹材不同竹秆部位密度的变化规律均为基部<中部<梢部;四种竹材的顺纹抗压、顺纹抗剪、顺纹抗拉、抗弯强度和抗弯弹性模量的平均值大小分别为62.9MPa、12.8MPa、271.1MPa、169.5MPa和14.8GPa,竹材力学性质随竹秆部位的变化与密度有相同的变化趋势。从板材的物理力学性质的测定和分析结果来看,三种板材的物理力学性能均达到了竹蔑层积材标准规定的技术指标,其中密度、静曲强度和弹性模量、冲击强度均表现为油簕竹>越南巨竹>麻竹。综合分析得出,四种竹材均可考虑作为板材来源。从纤维形态的测定和分析结果来看,四种竹材纤维长为2.12～2.49mm,长宽比大,纤维组织比量为30.69%～44.45%,纤维组织比量高,因而,可以认为四种竹种均是优良的制浆造纸原料。通过对四种竹种秆形结构和物理力学性质等的系统研究,为大径丛生竹的综合开发利用提供理论指导,为利用现有的油簕竹和车筒竹、大力培育越南巨竹和改造麻竹为笋材两用竹提供技术支持,具有重要的经济和生态学意义。更多还原

【Abstract】 In this research,four kinds of usual big sympodial bamboo (Bambusa lapidea McClure, Bambusa sinospinosa McClure,Dendrocalamus yunnanicus Hsueg et D.Z.Li and Sinocalamus latiflorus Munro ) in the south of China were studied and made Bambusa lapidea McClure, Dendrocalamus yunnanicus Hsueg et D.Z.Li and Sinocalamus latiflorus Munro into laminated bamboo strips lumber.According the national standards, culm form, physical and mechanical properties, physical and mechanical properties of laminated bamboo strips lumber and fibre forms were tested and analyzed.The result of culm-form structure,physical and mechanical properties studying showed that four kinds of bamboo had high culm, long internode and lower culm taper.There was extremely significant correlation between the culm height and DBH of Dendrocalamus yunnanicus Hsueg et D.Z.Li and Sinocalamus latiflorus Munro.the basic density of four kinds of big sympodial bamboo were 0.742g/cm3、0.678g/cm3、0.761g/cm3and 0.601g/cm3.The air-drying volume shrinkage ratio of big sympodial bamboo were 4.61%、3.82%、3.28%and 3.66%.The air-dry density,all-dry density and basic density increased gradually from the culm foot to tip.The average compressive strength parallel to grain, shearing strength parallel to grain, tensile strength parallel to grain,bending strength (MOR) and modulus of elasticity in static bending (MOE) of four kinds of big sympodial bamboo were 62.9MPa、12.8MPa、271.1MPa、169.5MPa and14.8GPa respectively and had the same tend with density from the culm foot to tip.The study of physical and mechanical properties of laminated bamboo strips lumber showed that The results showed that the physical and mechanical properties of the three kinds of laminated bamboo strips lumber reached the requirement of the standard of laminated bamboo strips lumber. The order of the density, MOR and MOE, pushing strength of the three kinds of laminated bamboo strips lumber is Bambusa lapidea McClure>Dendrocalamus yunnanicus Hsueg et D.Z.Li>Sinocalamus latiflorus Munro. Therefore, they could be used as bamboo board material.The result of fiber forms test showed that the fiber length(L) varied from 2.12mm to 2.49mm, the fiber tissue measurements was from 30.69% to 44.45% .Their L/W and fiber tissue measurement were high.So four kinds of bamboo belonged to superior paper-making material.The research of this paper laid theoretical foundation and provided technical support for technologies of cultivation, management and integrated utilization of big sympodial bamboo,which had important economic and ecological significance.更多还原