【作者】 刘玲芳；

【导师】 沈志民；

【作者基本信息】 广州大学 ， 法学理论， 2010， 硕士

【摘要】 超法规违法阻却事由是指法律虽然没有明文规定,但依照法秩序的整体精神,可以阻却行为违法性的事由。它是大陆法系犯罪构成理论的产物,在大陆法系刑法中,犯罪是符合构成要件的、违法的、有责的行为。一个行为要成立犯罪,首先要符合犯罪构成要件,即被推定为具有形式违法性;在进入违法性审查,主要查明有无违法阻却事由,这一阶段的审查是实质性审查;最后在进入下一阶段的有责性审查。而在我国以四要件为基础的“耦合式”犯罪构成体系中事实判断和价值判断一次性完成,没有违法阻却事由这一有着出罪”功效的“活泼元素”的存在空间。这样的犯罪构成体系与现代形式法治精神不符,也不符合罪刑法定原则的要求,因此笔者认为对超法规违法阻却事由的承认不仅可能而且必要。本文除导言外,共分两个部分,这两部分的内容将立足于犯罪构成理论和超法规违法阻却事由的研究现状,从本体论和分论多角度进行详细的分析、比较、论证,并在此基础上对超法规违法阻却事由进行系统的梳理和理论重构,力求为超法规违法阻却事由的发展破除疑虑,提供参考。第一部分包括四个章节,是超法规违法阻却事由的本体论。第一章首先考察超法规违法阻却事由在国内的现有概念,在比较各种概念优劣的同时阐述本文的合理界定;为了深入说明超法规违法阻却事由,本文进而回答了超法规违法阻却事由与违法性的关系。在文章的第二章,介绍了超法规违法阻却事由存在的理论根据和现实依据,从而说明它对于理论完善、人权保障、社会进步、司法适用具有不可或缺性。最后探讨了超法规违法阻却事由的一般原理,并从法律位阶性、伦理要求、价值底蕴、功利主义的等四方面论证了一般原理的正当性和合理性,这正好符合罪行法定原则保障人权、维护安定的法秩序精神,从而为超法规违法阻却事由的存在和发展扫清道路。在第二部分,笔者对超法规违法阻却事由的种类进行归纳整理,类型化出典型的超法规违法阻却事由种类,以期对司法实践的指导,不流于空泛,更不影响法的安定性。在这部分中,归纳了依照法令行为、自救行为、自损行为、被害人承诺行为、推定被害人承诺行为、正当业务行为、义务冲突行为、警察圈套行为、卧底侦查行为共9种超法规违法阻却事由,并分别对其进行了具体的剖析。更多还原

【Abstract】 The acknowledgement to super-law ground for elimination of misfeasance is not only possible but also necessary. My paper is based theoretically , to introduce my research on the fundamental issues of super-law ground for elimination of misfeasance as follow: analysis on its relationship with violation of law ; settlement of the dispute between conception and characteristics; elaboration of its system location. On this basis,my paper will introduce the the theoretical basis and practical basis of super-regulatory law negates,Which indicates its indispensable nature for the perfection of theory, the protection of human rights and the development in society.In this article, introduction, divided into two parts, two parts of the content will be based on the theory and the Crime of Illegal Ground for Elimination Research, and sub-ontology from multiple perspectives on a detailed analysis, comparison, argumentation, and On the basis of the ultra-law Ground for Elimination of sorting out a systematic and theoretical reconstruction, and strive for the ultra-Reason to Hinder the Development of Illegal eliminate doubts reference we will discuss the general principles of super-regulation negates, and will demonstrate the legitimate and rationality of the unified theory from legal hierarchy, value heritage, and utilitarian ethical requirement, which fits well with the statutory principle of protecting human rights, maintaining a stable legal order, and thereby clearing the way for the development of super-regulatory law negates.In the second part, this paper will demonstrate the ultra-laws and regulations applicable to the subject of law negates by giving the examples of undercovering investigation, the victim commitment, self-help behavior.更多还原