【作者】 纪纯明；

【导师】 胡德栋；

【作者基本信息】 青岛科技大学 ， 化工过程机械， 2010， 硕士

【摘要】 近几年,风险评价已成为安全评价研究的热点,而事故危害后果估算是其重要的组成部分。大量的氨合成装置事故告诉我们合成氨装置的安全形势不容乐观,因此,对其进行事故危害后果估算具有十分重要的意义。本文通过对爆炸危害后果及毒性气体扩散危害后果估算方法的研究,得到氨合成工段爆炸危害后果及氨泄漏危害后果估算方法如下:1、采用TNT当量法和爆炸冲击波超压估算不同程度下爆炸危害半径。2、采用高斯烟团模型及概率函数法对氨泄漏危害后果进行估算。由本法估算出山东某年产15万吨化肥厂氨合成工段的爆炸危害后果,得到各设备及氨合成工段的爆炸冲击波对人员及建筑的最大危害半径和氨泄漏毒性危害半径或距离,并根据计算结果对氨合成工段各设备进行了排序。各设备按照爆炸危害后果由大到小依次为水冷凝器、氨分离器II、冷交换器、热交换器、氨分离器I、油分离器、氨合成塔、氨冷凝器、废热锅炉、循环器,按照氨泄漏危害距离由大到小依次为冷交换器、水冷凝器、热交换器、氨分离器II、氨分离器I、氨合成塔、氨冷凝器、油分离器、废热锅炉、循环机。同时,本文利用Visual Basic 6.0进行计算机编程,实现了中小型氨厂氨合成工段危害后果估算的软件化。更多还原

【Abstract】 Risk assessment has become a hot study in safety evaluations in recent years, and the consequence analysis is an important part of it. Lots of accidents on the ammonia synthesis plants proved that the security situation of ammonia synthesis plant is serious in our country, so that it’s of a great significance on the accident consequence analysis.Based on the study of the consequence estimation methods of the explosion and the toxic gases, the estimation methods on the hazard consequence of the explosion and the ammonia leak from the ammonia synthesis section is obtained as follows: 1. The hazard radius of different levels from explosion can be estimated using the TNT equivalent method and the blast overpressure; 2. The consequence from ammonia leak can be estimated by the Gaussian puff model and probability function.According to the methods above, the consequence estimation on the ammonia synthesis section of a fertilizer plant in Shandong with the production of 150 000 tons annually is completed, and the largest blast damage radius on human body and construction generated from each device and the whole section is obtained. The order of every device in the section is done according to the calculated results. The descending order of the equipment in accordance with the shock wave is the water cooler, the ammonia separator II, the cold exchanger, the heat exchanger, the ammonia separator I, the oil separator, the ammonia converter, the ammonia cooler, the waste heat boiler, the recycling machine. And the order of the devices in the ammonia synthesis section in accordance with the proliferation of toxic ammonia leak is the cold exchanger, the water cooler, the heat exchanger, the ammonia separator II, the ammonia separator I, the ammonia converter, the ammonia cooler, the oil separator, the waste heat boiler, the recycling machine.Meanwhile, the software-based consequence estimation of ammonia synthesis section in the small and medium sized ammonia plant using the computer language of Visual Basic 6.0 is realized.更多还原