【作者】 赵静；

【导师】 王晓鹏；

【作者基本信息】 河北医科大学 ， 神经病学， 2010， 硕士

【摘要】 颅内压(Intracranial Pressure, ICP)是颅腔内容物对颅腔壁所产生的压力。它是由脑组织、脑血流和脑脊液三部分组成,正常颅内压应小于10mmHg。颅内压增高是神经科危重症病人的重要表现。它可以由一系列神经系统和非神经系统疾病引起,例如颅脑外伤、卒中、肿瘤、瑞夷综合征,肝昏迷或其他的病理情况。有效地降低颅内压能够防止脑疝形成及脑功能衰竭,抢救生命。常用方法包括避免各种可导致颅内压增高的因素,临床发现颅内压增高时,应对症处理。可通过改变患者的体位、降低体温、镇静和通气疗法控制颅内压进一步增高。药物治疗主要有应用镇静药物、减少脑脊液分泌的药物和渗透性脱水剂,其它如巴比妥盐、过度通气(paCO2<25 mmHg)、亚低温和去骨瓣减压术均可考虑。更多还原

【Abstract】 Intracranial pressure (ICP) is the pressure exerted by cranial contents on the dural envelope. It comprises the partial pressures of brain, blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Normal intracranial pressure is somewhere below 10mmHg. Intracranial hypertension is a common neurologic complication in critically ill patients; it is the common pathway in the presentation of many neurologic and non-neurologic disorders,such as traumatic brain injury, stroke, neoplasm,Reye’s syndrome, hepatic coma, or other pathologies. Effective management of intracranial hypertension involves meticulous avoidance of factors that precipitate or aggravate increased intracranial pressure. When intracranial pressure becomes elevated, treatment is indicated. ICP may be controlled by correcting the patient’s position, temperature, sedation or ventilation. Medical management of increased intracranial pressure should include sedation, drainage of cerebrospinal fluid, and osmotherapy with either mannitol or other drugs.Futher management includes barbiturate coma, ’forced hyperventilation’ (paCO2<25mmHg), hypothermia, or decompressive craniectomy should be considered.更多还原