【作者】 李兴彩；

【导师】 徐得潜；

【作者基本信息】 合肥工业大学 ， 市政工程， 2010， 硕士

【摘要】 目前对生态护坡的研究大多集中在生态护坡的定义、生态护坡植物种植对水质的净化,而对于如何合理的选择生态护坡材料及生态护坡材料与河流水质之间的相互影响程度鲜有研究。本文从三个方面,进行生态护坡材料与河流水质关系的实验研究:(1)护坡材料的使用对河流水质的影响分析;(2)河流水质对护坡材料的影响分析;(3)生态护坡材料对降解污染物、保护河流水质、提高河流自净能力的作用分析。主要研究结论如下:(1)混凝土护坡材料对河流水质及周围环境的影响实验研究表明,混凝土护坡材料在使用初期释放碱度,使周围环境pH升高。混凝土护坡材料表面局部环境的pH值可达10.2～13,不利于生态护坡种植植物的生长。碱度释放程度和释放速度与护坡材料的种类和孔隙度有关。土壤对混凝土材料释放碱度有一定缓冲作用,可使混凝土周围pH值降低1.5～2.0左右。(2)混凝土护坡材料在水中释放的碱度物质与河流中物质产生化学沉淀作用,对河道水中的高分子有机物及含氮、磷化合物有一定去除效果。(3)提出新概念“污染物-面积负荷率”,指与河水接触的单位面积护坡材料在单位时间内能够降解污染物的质量。此定义中的污染物包括化学需氧量(COD)、总氮(TN)、总磷(TP)。(4)在放置护坡材料的实验装置初期运行的1～7天,河水中有机物的下降以物理吸附作用为主,平均有机物去除率在16%～26%,COD-面积负荷为3.7～6.9 g / m2?d;连续运行10天后,有机物去除率有所降低,平均有机物去除率值4.67%～13.32%,COD-面积负荷率为0.77～3.26 g / m2?d。(5)混凝土护坡材料对水中氮、磷也有不同程度净化作用。混凝土护坡材料对TN的净去除率为26.2%～41.5%,TN-面积负荷率为78.0～178.0 mg / m2?d;对TP的净去除率为43.9%～67.3%,TP-面积负荷率为11.2～20.5 mg / m2?d。本文设计了模拟动态水流的小型实验装置,确定了实验方法,论文在实验基础上设计了一种快速现场测试护坡材料碱度方法,对实际工程选材及施工操作具有实际指导意义和应用价值,并创新性的提出生态护坡材料净化水质的评价指标。为今后继续深入研究河道护坡材料和水环境关系奠定了基础。更多还原

【Abstract】 Most researches on ecological bank focus on its definition and the water purification of planting vegetations presently. What should be known is how to choose the better Eco-slope protection material and the impact between Eco-slope protection materials and river quality. This paper is based on experiment about the relationship, which can epitomize in three parts:⑴The impact on water quality by applying the Eco-slope protection material;⑵The impact on Eco-slope protection material because of the river flowing and freezing;⑶Analysis on the level of degrading pollutants, protecting the water quality and improving the river self-purification.Main collusions⑴The experiment results show that the eco-slope protection material release alkalinity at the first days, which cause the increasing of the PH. The highest value of the PH is 10.2～13 nearby the materials. The soil around the materials can reduce the value of PH to 8.2～11.5.⑵When the alkalinity of the eco-slope protection material spread to the river, it can arise chemical reaction which can degrade the pollutants such as nitrogen compounds and phosphorus compounds.⑶In this paper, the concept pollutants - area containment rate is first mentioned, which means that the degraded pollutants weight by per area of the eco-slope protection material in unit time. Chemical oxygen demand, total nitrogen and total phosphorus are included in the pollutants.⑷In the first seven days of the experiment running, the decrease of the pollutants is caused by physisorption, the average removal level is 16%～26%. Chemical oxygen demand- area containment rate is 3.7～6.9 g / m2?d.In the next 10 days, the average removal level is 4.67%～13.32% and chemical oxygen demand- area containment rate is 0.77～3.26 g / m2?d.⑸Eco-slope protection material can degrade nitrogen compounds and phosphorus compounds. The removal level of nitrogen compounds is 26.2%～41.5%, The removal level of nitrogen compounds is 43.9%～67.3%. The total nitrogen-area containment rate is 78.0～178.0 mg / m2?d.The total phosphorus -area containment rate is 11.2～20.5 mg / m2?d. The experimental setup, experimental methods and the first evaluation in this paper can be the scientific basis for the further study of the relationship between eco-slope protection materials and water quality更多还原