【作者】 李波；

【导师】 杨光友；

【作者基本信息】 四川农业大学 ， 预防兽医学， 2010， 硕士

【摘要】 野生动物是宝贵的自然资源,保护野生动物是全人类的共同责任。非人灵长类动物中的许多物种已属于世界濒危物种。胃肠道寄生虫和大肠杆菌,是严重危害非人灵长类动物的常见病原。本研究主要是对中国14个动物园中的非人灵长类动物的胃肠道寄生虫进行了调查研究,并完成了9个动物园非人灵长类动物肠道大肠杆菌的分离鉴定与药敏试验。采用循序沉淀法以及饱和硫酸镁漂浮法和饱和蔗糖溶液漂浮法等检测方法对全国14个动物园的8科25属48种951只非人灵长类动物的胃肠道寄生虫进行了检查,共检测出9种胃肠道寄生虫,分别为：Strongyloides fulleborni (2.21%), Trichuris trichiura(14.20%), Oesophagostomum sp. (3.58%), Enterobius sp. (0.84%), Ascaris sp. (0.32%), Hymenolepis nana (0.95%), Eimeria sp. (0.42%), Entamoeba spp.(0.11%)和Giardia duodenalis (0.32%)。调查结果显示：不同动物园动物鞭虫的感染率无显著差异(P=0.509)；而不同动物种类的鞭虫感染率存在显著差异(P<0.001),其中川金丝猴的Trichuris trichiura感染极高,与其他14种鞭虫卵为阳性的灵长类动物相比,存在显著性差异(P<0.001)；而其他14种鞭虫卵为阳性的灵长类动物之间无显著性差异(P=0.471)。从9个动物园的8科25属48种非人灵长类动物中,采集了330份粪便样品,经过细菌分离培养后,并经染色镜检和生化试验等分离鉴定出169株大肠杆菌。按照美国临床实验室标准化委员会(CLSI)的判定标准,对分离得到的169株大肠杆菌进行了22种常用抗生素及其他抗生素类药物的药敏试验,结果表明169株大肠杆菌均表现出不同程度的耐药性,耐药范围较广,其中,耐药程度最高的是羧苄青霉素(耐药率：90.53%),其次是磺胺甲基异噁唑(耐药率：82.25%)；敏感度最高的是亚胺硫霉素(敏感率：93.49%),其次为奈替米星(敏感率：81.66%)；而对头孢噻肟为中度敏感(敏感率：56.80%),其次为阿奇霉素(敏感率：40.24%)。在169株大肠杆菌分离株中存在较为严重的多重耐药性,耐3-9种抗菌药物的菌株最多,有114株,占分离菌株的67.46%；耐10种以上抗菌药物的菌株有51株,占分离菌株的30.18%。在所调查的9个动物园中,在广州某动物园(GZ)、成都某动物园(CD)、陕西某野生动物救护站(SX)、重庆某动物园(CQ)、兰州某动物园(LZ)、上海某野生动物园(SHW)和上海某动物园(SHZ)等7个动物园大肠杆菌分离株间耐药率无差异(P=0.108)；在重庆某动物园(CQ)、兰州某动物园(LZ)、上海某野生动物园(SHW)、上海某动物园(SHZ)和北京某动物园(BJ)等5个动物园大肠杆菌分离株间耐药率无差异(P=0.145)；而太原某动物园(TY)与其他8个动物园的大肠杆菌分离株相比,其耐药率差异显著(P<0.001)。更多还原

【Abstract】 As valuable natural resources, the wild animals should be protected by all mankind as the common responsibility. With the most common gastrointestinal parasites’ and the most serious pathogens E.coli presence, many species of non-human primates belong to the world’s endangered species. The present work was performed to survey the gastrointestinal parasites of non-human primate from 14 zoogical gardens in China, and also to finish the isolation, identification and susceptibility test of intestinal E. coli in those animals from 9 zoogical gardens.Sequential precipitation method, saturated magnesium sulfate flotation method, and saturated sugar solution flotation method were used to investigate the infection of intestinal parasites.951 non-human primates, including 8 family,25 genus,48 species from 14 Zoos around the country, were carried out the inspection of gastrointestinal parasites. As a result, nine kinds of gastrointestinal parasites were detected. And the prevalence of parasitism as follows, Strongyloides fulleborni (2.21%), Trichuris trichiura(14.20%), Oesophagostomum sp. (3.58%), Enterobius sp. (0.84%), Ascaris sp. (0.32%), Hymenolepis nana (0.95%), Eimeria sp. (0.42%), Entamoeba spp. (0.11%) and Giardia duodenalis (0.32%). There was no significant difference in Trichuris trichiura prevalence between different zoos (p=0.509), but there was significant difference between different animals species (p<0.001). There was significant difference in Trichuris trichiura prevalence between Rhinopithecus roxellanae, which has the highest infection rate to Trichuris trichiura,and other 14 species positive primates (p<0.001),however,there was no significant difference among the other positive primates(p=0.471).A total of 330 fecal samples were collected and examined for intestinal E. coli. 169 E. coli were isolated and identified by a series of tests, including isolation of bacteria, biochemical tests, etc.According to the U.S.Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards (CLSI), antimicrobial susceptibility test, against 22 kinds of common antibiotics and other antibiotics, were carried out to the 169 E.coli which isolated. Our results indicated that the 169 E.coli showed different degrees of drug resistance. They were of the highest resistance to carbenicillin(drug resistance rate:90.53%),followed by sulfamethoxazole(82.25%).They had the highest sensitivity to Imipenem (sensitivity rate:93.49%), followed by netilmicin (81.66%); While moderately sensitive to cefotaxime(sensitivity rate:56.80%), followed by azithromycin (40.24%).The phenomenon of multiple drug resistance occurred in E.coli.114 of them were indentified to resistant three to nine kinds of antibiotics; 51 of them resistant more than ten kinds of antibiotics. There was significant difference in drug resistance rate between TY zoo and the other 8 zoos (p<0.001);while there was no significant difference between the others.更多还原