【作者】 谢南彬；

【导师】 周小秋；

【作者基本信息】 四川农业大学 ， 动物营养与饲料科学， 2010， 硕士

【摘要】 本试验主要研究磷对幼建鲤生长性能,消化吸收功能和免疫功能及抗氧化功能的影响。试验选择1200尾健康的幼建鲤(初重为7.17±0.01 g)平均分成6个处理,每处理设4个重复,每个重复50尾,分别饲喂含有效磷0.17%,0.36%,0.55%,0.73%,0.92%和1.10%的实用饲料。9周生长试验结束后,每个处理选取30尾鱼用嗜水气单胞菌攻毒,试验期为17天。试验结果表明：磷可以极显著P<0.01)或显著P<0.05)影响幼建鲤特异性生长率(SGR),采食量(FI),饲料效率(FE),蛋白质效率比(PER),蛋白沉积率(PPV),脂肪沉积率(LPV),灰分沉积率(APV),肝胰脏重量(HSW),肝胰脏蛋白含量(HPC),肠重(ISW),肠长(IL),肠碱性磷酸酶(AKP)活性,肠Na+,K+-ATP酶(Na+,K+-ATPase)活性,肠γ-谷氨酰转肽酶(γ-GT)活性,肠肌酸激酶(CK)活性,肠和肝胰脏胰蛋白酶活性,肠和肝胰脏脂肪酶活性,肠和肝胰脏淀粉酶活性,肠和肝胰脏糜蛋白酶活性。同时,磷也能极显著(P<0.01)或显著(P<0.05)影响免疫器官重量,血液血细胞数量,攻毒后成活率,白细胞吞噬率,血清酸性磷酸酶,溶菌酶活力和血清总铁结合力。磷还可以极显著(P<0.01)或显著P<0.05)影响幼建鲤肠道内乳酸杆菌,大肠杆菌和气单胞菌的数量及血清、肝胰脏、肠道和肌肉中丙二醛(MDA)含量、蛋白羰基含量、谷胱甘肽还原酶(GR)活力、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活力、抗超氧阴离子(ASA)活力、谷胱甘肽硫转移酶(GST)活力、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活力、还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)含量、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活力、抗羟自由基(AHR)活力。相关分析表明：特异性生长率与肝胰脏及肠道的生长发育和肠蛋白酶、肠淀粉酶及吸收酶活性呈显著(P<0.05)或极显著(P<0.01)正相关,与肠脂肪酶呈极显著(P<0.01)负相关。饲料效率与肝胰脏和肠道生长发育及肝胰脏淀粉酶、肠道蛋白酶、淀粉酶及吸收酶呈显著(P<0.05)或极显著(P<0.01)正相关,与肠脂肪酶呈显著(P<0.05)负相关。血清丙二醛含量与谷胱甘肽硫转移酶活力、还原型谷胱甘肽含量呈显著(P<0.05)或极显著(P<0.01)正相关,与谷胱甘肽还原酶活力、过氧化氢酶活力、超氧化物歧化酶活力、抗羟自由基能力呈显著(P<0.05)或极显著(P<0.01)负相关。综上所述,磷能够促进幼建鲤的生长和提高饲料利用效率。磷可以增强水生动物消化吸收能力。水生动物消化吸收能力的提高与磷提高胰蛋白酶和淀粉酶及碱性磷酸酶、肌酸激酶、γ-谷胺酰转肽酶和钠,钾三磷酸腺苷酶活性以及促进消化器官的生长发育有关。磷可以通过提高白细胞吞噬作用,溶菌作用和微生物抑制物的抑菌能力从而增强水生动物非特异性免疫力。磷还能通过提高幼建鲤组织清除超氧阴离子和脂质过氧化产物的能力,提高机体抗脂质和蛋白质氧化损伤的能力。用折线法,以SGR为标识,在本试验条件下体重7.17-63.8 g的幼建鲤有效磷需要量为0.52%。更多还原

【Abstract】 This experiment was conducted to study the effects of dietary phosphorus levels on growth performance, digestive and absorptive function, immune and antioxidant abilities of juvenile Jian carp (Cyprinus carpio var. Jian) (initial weight 7.17±0.01 g). Practical diets with six levels of supplemental monosodium phosphate (0.17%,0.36%,0.55%,0.73%, 0.92% and 1.10%) were respectively fed to quadruple groups of 50 fish for 9 weeks. After the growth trial,30 fish with similar weight in each treatment were assigned to a 17-day challenge trial conducted by injection Aeromonas hydrophila.Results indicated that phosphorus improved specific growth rate (SGR), feed intake (FI), protein efficiency ratio (PER), protein deposition value (PPV), lipid deposition value (LDV), ash depostition value (ADV), hepatopancreas weight (HW), hepatopancreas protein content (HPC), intestine weight (IW), intestine length (IL), tryspin, amylase,. chymotrypsin activities in hapatopancreas and intestine brush border enzymes activities including alkaline phosphatase (AKP), Na+,K+-ATPase, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (y-GT) and creatine kinase (CK) (P<0.01 or P<0.05). Simultaneously, vaccinated survival rate, immune organs weight, blood hematocyte counts, phagocytosis of leucocyte, total iron-binding capacity and activities of serum acid phosphatase (ACP) and lysozyme were enhanced by graded phosphorus levels (P<0.01 or P<0.05). Moreover, quantities of Bacillus acidi-lactici, Bacillus coli and Aeromonas in intestine were affected by dietary phosphorus levels (P<0.01 or P<0.05). Dietary phosphorus levels also increased MDA, protein carbonyl and GSH content, activities of GR, CAT, GST, SOD, GSH-Px and the ability of ASA, AHR in serum, hepatopancreas, intestine and muscle. Correlation analysis showed that SGR was positively related to HW, HPC, IW, intestinal trypsin and amylase activities, and was negatively related to intestinal lipase activity (P<0.01). FE was positively related to HW, HPC, IW, hepatopancreas amylase activity, intestinal trypsin, amylase and absorptive enzymes activities (P<0.01 or P<0.05), but FE was negatively related to intestinal lipase activity (P<0.05). The serum MDA content was positively related to serum GST activity and GSH content (P<0.01 or P<0.05), and negatively related to serum GR, CAT, SOD activities and AHR ability (P<0.01 or P<0.05).Considering these results, phosphorus improved the growth and feed efficiency of Jian carp. Phosphorus improved digestive and absorptive ability by promoting the growth and development of digestive organs, the activities of tryspin, amylase, alkaline phosphatase, Na+,K+-ATPase, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase and creatine kinase. At the same time, phosphorus promoted non-specific immune ability of Jian carp by increasing phagocytosis of leucocyte, serum lysozyme and ACP activities, serum iron-binding capacity. Dietary phosphorus promoted fish antioxidant capacity by removing superoxide anion and lipid peroxidative product. By the broken-line analysis, the optimal dietary available phosphorus requirement for SGR of juvenile Jian carp (7.17-63.8 g) was estimated to be 0.52%.更多还原