论科学不端现象及其法律应对

【作者】 雷搏；

【导师】 毛建儒；

【作者基本信息】 太原科技大学 ， 科学技术哲学， 2010， 硕士

【摘要】 近年来,随着科学技术事业的不断发展,科学活动中不端行为逐渐增多,科技领域内的各种不正之风愈演愈烈,学术失范和科学越轨现象数量惊人、性质恶劣,不仅引起了全社会人们的广泛关注,更在科学共同体内部敲响了一记又一记警钟。早在上个世纪90年代,在全世界范围内就掀起了探讨和研究科学不端现象的高潮,来自各个国家、各个地区以及不同学科专业、不同行业领域的研究主体分别从各自的视野和角度,基于其所考察的社会历史背景和语境对科学不端这一科学活动的必然产物做了大量研究分析。对于科学活动中不端现象的理论研究和实践探索,有利于科学共同体以及整个社会理性面对科学活动中失范和不端现象,正确认识其存在根源和演化机理,科学构建防范化解手段和机制,妥善处理科学技术运转流程中所出现的矛盾和问题,从而维护整个科学界纯净、公平、法治的和谐环境。本文内容的落脚点有两部分:一个是科学不端;一个是法律应对。首先对科学不端现象这一科学技术在社会语境下发展的必然产物做全面而深刻的认识和剖析,全面细致地把握科学不端现象;其次,讨论如何良性高效的运用法治化手段防范和化解科学不端和失范行为。本文立题始终围绕科学不端应对的法治化手段来探讨,充分发挥作者的专业背景优势,使文章在恰当选题,有力论证的基础之上力求科学结论,力求理性创新。本文所研究之课题其基本目标是一要理性清晰的认识科学不端现象,澄清当前研究领域中对于科学不端概念本身的模糊界定和措辞混乱,从广义和狭义两个层面正确把握科学不端的内涵和外延,并结合国内外实务案例剖析其多种产生根源。二要努力在科学不端法律应对机制的理论探讨上做一些工作。探讨法律应对分应然和实然两个板块,通过对法律手段该当性和优越性的论证为实际建构法治化应对机制增添理论支撑,最后在法律规制宏观思路的指导下,提出当前我国科学不端法律应对的现状、问题和对策等具有方法论意义上的结论。文章力图在以下几个方面有所创新:第一,对科学不端概念和内涵的科学分析,并从广义和狭义两个角度理解和诠释科学不端;第二,对科学不端行为纳入法律调整范围的该当性论证;第三,根据我国科技法治建设现状,对全面系统的构建良性科学不端应对机制,完善我国科学技术法律体系,进一步推进科技运转法治化建设的思考。更多还原

【Abstract】 In recent years, along with the continuous development of science and technology, scientific misconducts have been proliferating. In such a field of science and technology, all sorts of malpractices are intensified and the phenomenon of academic and scientific misconduct is alarming, which brings negative social influence. It not only causes widespread concerns throughout the society, but repeatedly alarms scientific communityAs early as the 1990s, there came a worldwid high tide in exploring and criticising scientific misconduct. Researchers from different countries, regions and disciplines did a lot of researches and analyses on scientific misconduct, one of the inevitable outcomes of science activity. Their efforts are from separate perspectives and mainly based on the social and historical background and context that they investigate. The theoretical research and practical exploration of science misconduct help science community and the whole society rationaly face the phenomenon of anomie and misconduct, correctly understand its root causes and evolution mechanism, scientifically build up both precautionary and resolving mechanism, properly handle contradictions and problems in the process of science and technology, and thus safeguard a pure, fair, legal and harmonious environment for the scientific community.The focus of this thesis can be divided into the following two aspects: scientific misconduct and its legal response. It firstly presents an all-around understanding, profound analysis and a detailed grasp of science misconduct, the inevitable outcome of science and technology development within social context; Secondly, it discusses how to prevent and resolve the science misconduct problem by means law or regulation. The central topic should always focus on the rule of law, which aims to resolve science misconduct, so that the author may take the advantage of his knowledge store to draw a scientific conclusion and achieve a rational innovation based on strong arguments and foundations.This research is meant to achieve such following objectives. The first one is to get a clear and rational understanding of the phenomenon of science misconduct, clarify the confusing definations of science misconduct, correctly understand its connotation and denotation, and analyze its multiple roots with reference to some concrete cases both at home and abroad. The second one is to make some efforts in exploring an effective coping mechanism of law responsible to science misconduct. Such an exploration can be divided into two sections: Ideality and Reality. In this part, arguments about ideality and superiority of legal means will provide theoretical support for legal coping mechanism. At last, in guidance of law system, some methodological conclusions will be proposed to solve science misconduct problem in our country.This thesis attempts to achieve some innovations in the following aspects. First, it tries a scientific analysis about the concept and meaning of scientific misconduct and a new understanding and interpretation of science misconduct from both broad and narrow perspectives; second, it gives a demonstration that science misconduct should be incorporated into law adjustment; third, with reference to the status quo of the adjustment of science and technology by law in China, the thesis tries a deep thought over how to systematically construct a healthy coping mechanism to science misconduct, improve the system of law about science and technology, and further promote the law-based control in science and technology operation.更多还原