论马克思的生态思想与生态文明建设

【作者】 崔巍；

【导师】 武杰；

【作者基本信息】 太原科技大学 ， 科学技术哲学， 2010， 硕士

【摘要】 恩格斯说：“马克思在他所研究的每一个领域(甚至在数学领域)都有独到的发现,这样的领域是很多的,而且其中任何一个领域他都不是肤浅地研究的。”①确实如此,在生态领域,马克思和恩格斯就有系统的论述,这些论述中蕴含着非常丰富的生态思想。笔者在研读马克思主义经典著作的基础上,通过对马克思生态思想进行文本梳理,归纳出了其生态思想的基本观点和基本特征。工业文明以来,人与自然之间的矛盾变得越来越突出,集中表现为全球性的生态危机。生态危机给人类带来的深重灾难,使得人类重新领悟了马克思生态思想的精髓,开始用新的视角探讨人与自然的关系问题。以生态科学为理论基础的生态自然观随之确立。我党在坚持现代生态自然观的基础上提出以人为本、全面协调可持续的发展观,是对马克思生态思想的继承和发展。本文结合中国30年来的发展历程,深入分析了科学发展观中蕴含的生态文明思想：其一,第一要义是发展,实现自然与社会的和谐发展。发展不是单一经济领域的发展,而是经济、社会、生态的全面进步和人的全面发展。其二,核心是以人为本,促进人的全面发展。科学发展观从维护人与自然的平等互利关系入手,力求实现人的价值、人的权益和人的自由,促进人的全面发展。其三,基本要求是全面协调可持续,美化自然与社会。实现自然环境与社会环境的良性发展,维护人类的代内公平和代际公平。其四,根本方法是统筹兼顾,协调自然与社会。发展要充分考虑环境、资源和生态的承受能力,实现自然资源的持续利用和社会的永续发展。科学发展观中蕴含的生态文明思想汇集了生态自然观的理论成果,融入了可持续发展理念,是一种全新的发展理论和发展模式。中国作为一个正在崛起的发展中大国,面临着经济发展和生态环境的双重压力,建设生态文明思想的提出,有利于实现人与自然的和谐发展,有利于实现人与社会的可持续发展,有利于实现人与人的全面发展。如何建设生态文明?建设生态文明的核心是坚持可持续发展的生态自然观。本文在大量文献调研和理论研究的基础上,提出了四点建议：一是要根据生态规律来开发自然；二是要依赖科学技术去保护自然；三是要通过调整利益机制减少对生态环境的破坏；四是要通过发展循环经济解决生态环境问题。通过以上思考和建议,以期为我国当前的生态文明建设提供一点新的理论借鉴和实践参考。更多还原

【Abstract】 Frederick Engels said:"Two such discoveries would be enough for one lifetime. Happy the man to whom it is granted to make even one such discovery. But in every single field which Marx investigated--and he investigated very many fields, none of them superficially--in every field, even in that of mathematics, he made independent discoveries." Exactly, Marx and Engels have systematical analyses on ecological field, and these analyses have plenty ecological thought. On the base of studying Marxism classical marks, this paper through arranging Marxism ecological thought textly generalizes its basic viewpoints and characteristics.After the period of Industrial Civilization, the conflicts between human and nature became more and more prominent, this represented global Ecological Crisis intensively. The disaster brought from Ecological Crisis to human made human comprehended the essence of Marx and Engel’s ecological thinking again, and began to investigate the relationship problems between human and nature. Ecological View based on Ecological Science established followed. On the bases of insisting Modern Ecological View and Sustainable Development concept, Scientific Concept of Development proposed the comprehensive, coordinated and sustainable concept, inheriting and developing Marx’s ecological thought.This paper analyses deeply the ecological thought contained in the Scientific Concept of Development, connecting with China’s development progress in recent thirty years. Firstly, developing is the most important thing, and realizing the harmonious development between nature and human. Developing is not only of economy, but also of society and people. Secondly, People-oriented is the essence, and realizing people’s essence. Starting with keeping equal and mutual benefit relationship, Scientific Concept of Development pursues to realize people’s value, rights, interests, freedom, and comprehensive development. Thirdly, basic require is comprehensive, coordinated and sustainable developing, and embellishing nature and society. Keeping human’s intergenerational equity and intergenerational equity, and realizing natural environment and social environment developing well. Fourthly, basic method is making overall plans for nature and society’s development. Development requires considering the bearing capacity of environment, resource and ecology fully, and then realizing utilizing natural resource and developing society continuously.The thought of constructing Ecological Civilization which proposed from the Scientific Concept of Development assembles the theoretical results of Ecological View, integrates Sustainable Development Idea, connecting with recent China’s developing situation makes some practical searching. Constructing Ecological Civilization is a goal of our Country constructs moderately prosperous society comprehensively. Ecological Civilization Construction is complex system engineering and practical representation of Scientific Concept of Development. As a rising big developing Country, China confronts double pressures:economical developing and ecological environment. Proposing Ecological Civilization Thought is benefit for realizing harmonious developing between human and nature, is benefit for realizing people and society’s sustainable developing, is benefit for realize people and people’s comprehensive development.How to constructing Ecological Civilization? The essence is to persevere in Ecological View which integrating Sustainable Development Idea. This paper proposes four suggestions on the bases of much investigation:firstly, exploiting nature based on ecological law; secondly, protecting nature by science and technology; thirdly, changing benefit mechanism to reduce damage towards ecological environment; fourthly, through developing circular economy to solve ecological and environmental problem. I hope these suggestions and thinking can give a little new noematic and practical reference to recent Constructing Ecological Civilization study of our country.更多还原