【作者】 田晓亮；

【导师】 李玉文； 宋玉珍；

【作者基本信息】 东北林业大学 ， 环境科学， 2010， 硕士

【摘要】 为改善盐碱地生态环境,目前往往采用工程措施配合化学肥料来改良盐碱地土壤物理及其化学性质,同时配合植树造林来综合治理盐碱地。据目前研究表明,在使用化学肥料的过程中,虽然可在短期内产生明显效果,但是化学肥料本身肥期短,失效快,且肥力长久性差,同时会对生态环境本来就很脆弱的盐碱地土壤产生二次化学污染。近期研究者提出采用微生物肥料代替传统化学肥料,发现其不但具有环保性,且肥力自然长久释放等特点。本实验采用微生物肥料代替传统的化学肥料,采用田间实验法,设置施肥实验组与未施肥的对照组,分别种植三年生小黑杨(Populus xiaohei)苗1000株,三年生紫丁香(Syringa oblata)苗1440株。在种植三年中,观察其成活率与保存率,并且在2007年5月到10月期间,采集试验区域土壤样品,分别测定受试土壤含水量、有机质含量、pH值、水解性氮、有效磷、速效钾6项土壤理化指标,采集植物叶片样本测定其丙二醛、脯氨酸含量,来测定植物在盐碱胁迫下抗逆性的变化。得出以下结论：(1)在盐碱地施用微生物肥料后有效地提高种植植物的成活率与保存率,施肥组与对照组相比,可有效提高树木一次栽种成活率62.35%,提高三年生树木的保存率分别达到63.1%、61%、75%。(2)在盐碱地施用微生物肥料后有效地提高了实验土壤的含水量及有机质含量,施肥组与对照组相比,其土壤含水量平均有效提高了4.41g/kg；土壤有机质含量平均提高了0.75g/kg。(3)在盐碱地施用微生物肥料后有效地降低了实验土壤pH值,施肥组与对照组相比,其土壤pH值平均降低0.25。(4)在盐碱地施用微生物肥料后可有效提高土壤肥力,施肥组与对照组相比,具体体现在平均提高了土壤水解性氮平均含量8.45g/kg,平均提高了土壤有效磷含量17.98 g/kg。(5)在盐碱地施用微生物肥料后,受试植物叶片内脯氨酸及丙二醛含量大幅降低,施肥组与对照组相比,植物叶片中脯氨酸含量平均降低8.65μg/g,丙二醛含量平均降低4.57μg/g。实验数据表明微生物肥料可以有效地改良盐碱地土壤性质,并且保持一定的长期有效性,对其栽种植物起到了有效的保护作用。更多还原

【Abstract】 To improve the environment of Saline Alkali land,the current engineering measures are often used with chemical fertilizers to improve soil physical and chemical properties of Saline Alkali land and planting trees to meet the comprehensive management of Saline Alkali land. According to the present study shows that, in the process of useing of chemical fertilizers, the measures may produce significant effects in the short term. But because of chemical fertilizers which lack the fat, fail fast and the fertility of poor long-term, at the same time, the already very fragile ecological environment of Saline Alkali land being polluted for secondary chemical contamination of the soil, the measures have lots of weak points. Recently researchers have proposed to replace the traditional chemical fertilizers with useing of microbial fertilizers, found that has many characteristics, such as environmentally friendly and long-term release.In this study of microbial fertilizers to replace traditional chemical fertilizers,use of field experiment, set the fertilizer experiment group and control group without fertilizer. In this experiment, plant 1000 plants of three-year Populus xiaohei and 1440 plants of three-year Syringa oblata in each land. In the three planting years, observe the survival rate and preserve rate, and in the period from May to October in 2007, collect the test area soil samples. Using the samples,test six index, such as the soil water content, organic matter content, pH, hydrolysis of nitrogen and so on. At the same time, collect samples of plant leaves measured MDA,Proline content, to measure the resistance of plants in salt stress changes.The following conclusions:(1) Application of microbial fertilizers in Saline Alkali land can effectively improve the survival rate and preserve rate of the plants. Compared with the control group, the fertilizer group can effectively improve the survival rate of 62.35% of tress once planted, and enhance the preservation of trees for three years to reach 63.1%,61%,75%.(2) Application of microbial fertilizers in Saline Alkali land can effectively improve the experimental soil moisture and organic matter content. Compared with control group, the average effective soil moisture content increased 4.41 g/kg and soil organic matter content increased 0.75g/kg.(3) Application of microbial fertilizers in Saline Alkali land can effectively reduces the test soil PH. Compared with the control group, the average decrease of soil pH in 0.25.(4) Application of microbial fertilizers in Saline Alkali land can effectively improve soil fertility. Compared with control group, embodied in increaseing the average content of soil Hydrolysis 8.45g/kg, the average increase in soil available phosphorus content 17.98 g/kg. (5) Application of microbial fertilizers in Saline Alkali land, the subjects of plant leaves proline and MDA content significantly decreased, fertilization compared with the control group, the average proline content in plant leaves decreased 8.65μg/g, the average MDA reduce 4.57μg/g.Experimental data show that the microbial fertilizers can effectively improve the soil of Saline Alkali land properties, and maintain a long-term effectiveness of its planting to play an effective protection更多还原