【作者】 隋延飞；

【导师】 骆勇；

【作者基本信息】 西华大学 ， 车辆工程， 2010， 硕士

【摘要】 随着石油资源的日益短缺和国家能源战略的调整、环保要求和汽车技术的不断提高,燃气车辆不断增多,与之相对应的车用加气站的数量也越来越多。然而,接连发生的加气站燃气泄漏与火灾事故使得加气站的使用安全问题成为安全监管部门、加气站运营人员、驾乘人员甚至加气站周边居民日益关注的问题。如何避免事故的发生以及一旦发生燃气泄漏和火灾等紧急突发事故后,应该采取什么样的措施来尽可能的减少事故伤亡、降低损失,以及如何进行应急交通疏散来避免交通拥堵便成为了问题的焦点。因此,根据加气站突发事故特点来研究事故应急交通疏散策略便显得尤为重要。本文首先对加气站的基本概念、分类、以及常规安全措施进行了讨论,分析了加气站的安全设计、设施、要求以及加气站的安全管理措施,依据具体加气站为实例介绍了加气站的安全结构与生产运营模式。本论文接着对加气站事故类型进行了统计与分类,把加气站主要事故划分为燃烧、爆炸、泄漏三类。在进一步分析了各类事故的主要危害的基础上,针对破坏程度较大并且发生频率较高的蒸气云爆炸事故进行了具体的“爆炸边界”分析,将其分为死亡、重伤、轻伤和安全四种不同的“爆炸边界”,并对四种边界进行了简要的计算,使CNG加气站事故更加具体化与简洁化。本文基于应急交通的机理,将应急交通疏散简要分为可预警突发事件交通疏散与非可预警突发事件交通疏散,并引入三种交通疏散策略:分区分阶段疏散策略、反向交通流以及交叉口疏散侧率。在参考《国家突发公共事件总体应急预案》的基础上,将CNG加气站爆炸事故按不同事故等级划分成四类。论文相应提出了四种不同级别下的疏散策略:人流疏散,警告疏散,禁行疏散,强制疏散。最后本文以成都西北桥加气站为实例,使用VISSIM及TransCAD软件分别对四种不同的疏散策略进行了交通仿真。仿真结果说明所提出的疏散策略的合理性与可操作性。更多还原

【Abstract】 Because the growing shortage of petrol resources and national energy strategy adjustment accompany with the environmental requirements and continues development of vehicle technology, gas vehicles was highly increased. Correspondingly the number of compress natural gas (CNG) stations becomes more and more. However, as the consequence the spate of CNG station accidents as leakage and explosion make the using security as a serious problem which getting more and more attention among the administration, stations operator, drivers and even the residents around the CNG stations. Thus, how to avoid accident and what should people do if the accident happened to reduce the lost? And what kind of emergency traffic evacuation scheme is useful for preventing the occurrence of traffic congestion even traffic damage as far as possible. All these questions have significant realistic meaning and become the focus. All of that remind us it is very important to research the evacuation scheme based on the characteristics of emergency accident itself.Firstly, the basic conception, classification and routine security measures of CNG station were discussed in this paper also the security standards of design, facilities, requirements and management measures in CNG station were analyzed. According to specific example, security structure and operation mode of CNG station were introduced. Secondly, we make a statistics of CNG station accidents and mainly classify them into three types: combustion, explosion and leakage. And further introduce the main damage of every type of accident. Focus on the gas cloud explosion accident which is the commonest accident type and may bring a great lost the“explosion borders”were calculated: death radius, serious injury radius, minor injury radius and safety radius which were based on the different damage level and makes the CNG station accidents became more concrete and concise. This paper also introduces the principle of emergency traffic, divides the emergency evacuation into two parts: alertable emergency evacuation and un-alertable emergency evacuation. Three traffic evacuation measures were introduced: staged evacuation、contraflow and intersection evacuation scheme. Based on the“national master plan for responding to public emergencies”we classify the accidents into four different levels. Consequently, four different evacuation schemes were got. They were: pedestrian evacuation、alert evacuation、forbidden evacuation and mandatory evacuation. Finally, we taking the Xibei Bridge CNG station as a real model of the accident and making traffic simulation with the help of VISSIM and TransCAD to proof the rationality and maneuverability of that four evacuation schemes更多还原