【作者】 任锡娟；

【导师】 曹立波；

【作者基本信息】 湖南大学 ， 车辆工程， 2010， 硕士

【摘要】 儿童乘车安全成为碰撞安全领域重要课题之一。正确使用汽车儿童安全座椅能够有效降低碰撞事故中儿童乘员的伤亡。常规使用的儿童安全座椅是一个独立结构,通过汽车安全带或固定系统安装在汽车座椅上,不仅安装复杂,且普遍存在儿童座椅的误用问题。集成式汽车儿童安全座椅,又称内置式儿童安全座椅。由于与汽车座椅设计为一体,并通过三点式成人安全带将儿童直接固定在车辆座椅上,因此可以有效避免儿童座椅的误用。但现有集成式汽车儿童安全座椅具有操作复杂、座垫不可无级升高、座垫长度不可改变、影响成人乘坐及侧面碰撞安全性不好等缺点。本文提出了一款新型集成式汽车儿童安全座椅,适用于3-10岁儿童。该座椅位于汽车后排中间位置,侧面碰撞安全性好,且不影响两侧成人使用,其增高座垫可根据儿童身高在一定范围内无级调整高度。相对于常规使用的附加式儿童安全座椅,该座椅无须安装,有效避免了儿童座椅的误用。本文完成了该新型集成式汽车儿童安全座椅的结构方案,并进行了样件试制和后排座椅改装。开展了集成式汽车儿童安全座椅的台车碰撞试验,研究了其保护效果,并为仿真研究提供了依据。利用多刚体动力学仿真软件MADYMO,建立了集成式汽车儿童安全座椅的多刚体仿真模型,并根据试验对上述模型进行了验证,在此基础上研究了该座椅关键设计参数如座垫升高高度、安全带固定点位置、安全带导向机构位置和座垫长度对儿童乘员响应的影响及其对3-10岁儿童的保护效果。建立了侧面碰撞仿真模型,对该座椅在侧面碰撞过程中对儿童乘员的保护作用进行了探讨。论文的研究结果表明,所设计的集成式汽车儿童安全座椅能够无级调整座垫高度,改善成人安全带在儿童身上的定位,在正面碰撞和侧面碰撞中对3岁到10岁儿童提供有效保护。本文的研究结果对国内的儿童乘员安全研究工作的开展和损伤防护技术的开发具有一定参考价值。更多还原

【Abstract】 The safety of child passengers is an important problem to be solved in the field of impact safety. The injury and death rate of children could be decreased significantly by using child safety seat correctly. The traditional booster is an unattached device and should be fixed on the car seat via the adult safety belt or additional fix system. The process is troublesome and may result in the misuse if without correct instruction.The integrated child safety seat, also called built-in child safety seat, was designed integrated with the vehicle seat. The child can be seated on the raised part of the seat and restrained by adult safety belt, so the misuse of the child safety seat can be avoided effectively. Recently, some kinds of integrated child safety seat have developed. Some shortages are existed. For example, the handling is complex; the height of booster can not be adjusted continuesly; the length of booster cann’t be adjusted; the integrated seat will influence the use of adults and the side impact safety is not be considered.A new integrated child safety seat for enhancing the overall safety of children aged approximately from 3 to 10 years old is presented and studied in this paper. The booster of the seat locates at the middle of the rear seat. Therefore, it has the best crash safety potential and will not influence the comfortableness of the adults when they sit on the two sides. The height of the booster can be adjusted continuously according to the height of the child passenger. In comparison with the ordinary child booster seats, it needs not be installed, so the misuse of the child seats can be avoided significantly. Some new designs have been presented and stuctural design has been conducted. Meanwile, a sample was manufactured and a rear seat was refitted to the integrated child safety seat. Sled test with the new integrated child safety seat was conducted to study the protect performance of the new device. The test results also provide a support for the simulation study.The multi-rigid body simulation models of the integrated child safety seat were developed using MADYMO software. The modle has been validated according to the test. Then, the key parameters of this integrated child safety seat were studied according to the responses of child dummy, such as the booster height, the upper anchorage point position of the belt, the belt guide loop position and the booster length. Besides, the 3 and 10 years old child dummy models were used to investigate the performance of the seat in frontal impact for children aged from 3 and 10. Side impact simulation modle was also established and the protect effect for children in lateral impact was discussed.The results indicated that this new type of integrated child safety seat could be adjusted continuestly and the fit of the adults’safety belts on children could be improved. To some extent, the new integrated child safety seat can provide effective protection for the children aged approximately from 3 to 10 years old in frontal and lateral impact.The research results had reference value on the study of children passenger safety and injury prevention technology in china.更多还原