【作者】 张惠贻；

【导师】 陈飞虎；

【作者基本信息】 湖南大学 ， 设计艺术学， 2010， 硕士

【摘要】 祠堂,是中国古代宗族制度的象征,是宗族文化的物质载体,是宗族观念的形象符号。在乡村中,祠堂是族人祭祀祖先的神圣场所,更是族人集体活动、族长施政的地方,是乡村社会最重要的建筑。它不仅体现一个宗族的强盛情况,还反映其宗族的社会地位。因此,祠堂建筑的类型,建筑技术、艺术价值和工艺特点等建设必须经过一番考究,以突出其为乡村社会最高等级的代表形象。明清以来,由于明政府对祭祖制度的解禁以及广东地区商品经济的繁荣发展,为祠堂的普及与建设提供了必要的政治条件和经济条件。与祠堂相随出现的村落,也星罗棋布,大量涌现。乡土祠堂在形成与发展的过程中,对其村落的人居环境存在着极其深入的影响。本文通过对大量古村落的实地调研,并借鉴前人的理论成果基础上,采用系统的分层研究,分析祠堂与人居环境中居住系统的相互关系。从人居环境的物质角度,把村落分成四个层次,分别为村落的空间层次,街巷层次,景观层次,民居建筑层次。从这四个层次分层研究祠堂对居住空间的影响。在空间层次上,从祠堂的选位择向的角度,分析村落的空间布局形态与其生长裂变的发展规律；在街巷层次上,从祠堂对街巷可达性要求的角度,分析街巷的结构组织形态,街巷的空间形态,找出祠堂与街巷的联结情况与其对街巷的影响；从景观层次上,通过对村落景观层次分层研究以及对各层次景观构成要素的分析,找出祠堂于乡村景观中的地位与作用；在民居建筑空间层次上,通过对祠堂空间的演变分析,得出祠堂建筑空间的现存形态,找出祠堂空间与民居空间的相同点。从四个层次的分析,说明乡村祠堂在村落中的非独立性,它与村落的人居环境存在具体的关系。在这种关系下,提出乡村祠堂保护概念的更新以及从狭义和广义角度活化祠堂,并使祠堂在社会主义新农村建设中具有积极的时代精神。更多还原

【Abstract】 Ancestral temple is the symbol of Chinese ancient clan system, the carrier of clan clucture and the vivid sign of clan consciousness. In rural areas, ancestral temple is the most important architecture where people offer sacrifices to their ancestors, hold collective activities and clan leaders administer their clan, which not only presents a clan’s prosperity but also shows their clan’s social status. The type, the construction technology, art value and craft features of ancestral temple, therefore, worth study to accentuate its importance in rural areas.Ever from Ming and Tsing Dynasty, as Ming Dynasty lift ban to the system of offering sacrifices to ancestos and the prosperous development of commercial economy in Guangdong area, necessary political and economic conditions were provided for the popularity and construction of ancestral hall. Villages followed by ancestral temple emerged in large quantities. The form and development of rural ancestral temple has concrete and all-round impact on people’s living environment.By a lot of on-spot research of ancient villages and drawing lessons from other people’s theory, the thesis adopts systematic research with different levels to analyse the relation of ancestral temple and people’s living environment.From the prospective of people living environment, the villages are diviede into four levels, which are village space level, lane level, view level and people’s architecture level. The thesis studies ancestral temple how to infulence people’s living space in these four levels. In space level from the orientation of ancestral hall, space layout, growth and development rule of the villages are analysed. In lane level, from the perspective of what ancestral hall requires lanes, constructure form and space form are analysed to find out the link between ancestral temple and lane and what the link influences the lanes. In view level, village view levels and the elements of each level are analysed to show the important role the ancestral hall plays in the view of villages. In people’s living house space level, the development of ancestral temple is analysed to find out the present space form of ancestral temple and the similarities of ancestral temple and people’s living house. By the four-level analysis, a conclusion can be drawn that the rural ancestral temple is not independet, on the contrary, it has concrete relation with the people’s living environment in the village.Under the circumstances, the thesis suggests the renewal concept of rural ancestral preventation and the activation of ancestral temple in the perspective of narrow and broard sense so that the ancestral temple has a positive spirit of times in the new socialist countryside construction.更多还原