【作者】 赵伟；

【导师】 陈秉智；

【作者基本信息】 大连交通大学 ， 车辆工程， 2010， 硕士

【摘要】 生物力学是力学与生物学、生理学、医学等诸多学科相互结合的一门新兴边缘交叉学科。生物力学主要研究各种生命现象与所处力学环境之间的关系,设计制造各种器械、设备以改善生活质量。而有限元法是一种成熟高效的数值计算方法,特别是在骨科计算力学研究中更具有显著的优越性。本文运用数值模拟技术对髋关节、颈椎和足踝关节三种骨结构进行了三维重建,运用非线性分析方法对髋关节进行接触分析和对颈椎进行静力分析,运用碰撞理论对足踝关节进行瞬时冲击分析,具体如下:运用逆向工程技术建立髋关节接触有限元模型,在模拟人体双足支撑平衡直立状态的工况下,分析正常和三种骨折状态下髋关节整体及接触部位的应力、应变和位移分布,得出结果:正常和三种骨折状态下接触部位的应力都不大于1Mpa,应变都不大于0.02,位移值也都不大于1mm,符合临床要求。精确建立颈椎C3-6活动节段正常高度模型,在前屈、后伸、侧弯、轴向旋转四种载荷工况下,对退变模型及置入双Cage融合模型的生物力学参数进行测试,得出结果:双Cage有着良好的力学强度,能够重建颈椎的稳定性,满足临床颈椎椎间支撑融合的要求。交通车辆碰撞事故中,足踝部是人体与水平地面接触的主要器官,在碰撞的瞬时承受着体重5-10倍的冲击力。高G载荷不仅能引起乘员足踝部肌肉拉伤、韧带撕裂,更容易造成胫腓骨远端骨折。本文运用静力学和动力学的方法模拟人体以直立和背伸、跖屈、内翻、外翻15°四种角度从1M高度跌落时的试验。静力学方法与动力学方法得出的结果相似,与临床骨折分型相近,验证了模型和计算方法的有效性。更多还原

【Abstract】 As a rising edge and intersectant discipline,Biomechanics is the combination and further development of many disciplines like Mechanics,Biology,Physiology and Medical etc?The biomechanical researchs mainly rely on the relationships between life phenomena and their mechanical environment,and thus,effectively to design medical devises so as to improve life quality?And the finite element method,as a well-developed and efficient numerical method,plays a significant important and irreplaceable role in bone biomechanics?In this paper,the numerical simulation technique ie used to rebuild the 3D bone model of hip joit,cervical spine and anklebone;the nonlinear analysis method is used to calculate the contact stress of hip joit and cervical spine;the collision computational theory is used to do the transient dynamic analysis of the anklebone?Based on reverse engineering techniques and CT imagines,the FE contact model of human hip joit is built?And under the loadstep of human being standing condition with two feet,the stress,strain,displacement of the overall model and the contact surface is analysed in healthy and three frustrue conditions?Results are as follows:the contact stress of the healthy and three frustrue model is less than 1Mpa,the strain less than 0?02,the displacement less than 1mm,which satisfies clinical demands?C3-6 normal height disc model is precisely established with CAE method,and we can examine the biomechanical parameters of decreased disc models and Cage fusion model in anterior bent,posterior extent,lateral bent,axial rotary state? A conclusion could be gained: double Cage fusion has good mechanical strength to rebuild the stability of the cervical spine, and can meet the needs of clinical cervical interbody fusion requirements?The anklebone bears impact forces about 5-10 times of body weigh at the happening of transportation accidents?High G loads can often result in trauma of muscle & ligament in the ankle joit,but also leads to the bone frusture of cannon,fibula,astragal bones?Thus,statics and dynamics methods are applied to simulate the falling-off experiment from 1M height in vertical condition and anteflexion,retroversion,varus,valgus 15°condition?The stress results of the statics and dynamics analysis are similar and verify the validation of the model and clinical frustrue types?更多还原