【作者】 滕淋；

【导师】 朱亚非；

【作者基本信息】 山东师范大学 ， 专门史， 2010， 硕士

【摘要】 外交使节是一个国家外交政策的具体执行者,他们的一言一行直接代表着整个国家的形象,甚至直接影响到两个国家的邦交关系。中国历代中原王朝基本都奉行睦邻友好的和平外交政策,向周边国家和政权派遣大量的外交使节。在古代交通不发达、信息闭塞的情况下,外交使节的作用显得至关重要。所以历代王朝对外交使节的选拔格外重视,使得外交使节成为了一个突出的群体,还出现了专门从事外交工作的人员,如明代的“行人”。明朝立国之后,以恢复华夏正统为己任,一改元朝威服天下的政策,奉行“以德睦邻和谐周边”的外交政策,修复与周边国家的关系。在这种背景下,大量的外交使节奉命出使,他们跋山涉水、受尽磨难,为明朝外交的盛况做出了巨大的贡献。这其中涌现了一大批优秀的外交使节,如永乐时期多次下西洋的郑和,五次出使西域的陈诚等等。研究明朝的外交史,外交使节是非常重要的环节,对了解明朝的对外政策以及与周边国家的交往情况都有很大帮助。本文分为五大部分详细对明朝外交使节进行了详细的介绍,第一部分先介绍了明朝外交使节产生的背景。明朝初年,面临着严峻的国内外环境,是的明朝政府制定了以德睦邻、和谐周边的外交政策,在这种背景之下,明朝的外交使节大批出使;第二部分,介绍了明朝外交使节的选派情况及肩负的使命,从外交使节的类型、选拔方式、人选、使团组成情况及肩负的使命几点进行详细的阐述;第三部分,明朝外交使节的待遇及出使路途中的艰险,介绍了外交使节出访会得到的优厚待遇,以及使节在出访途中遇到的各种艰险;第四部分介绍了明朝外交使节的特点及发展变化,总结了明朝外交使节的两大特点及宦官外交和行人司的设置,还介绍了外交使节的发展变化;第五部分介绍了明朝外交使节的成就以及对清朝的影响,对明朝外交使节出访带的政治、经济等效益进行总结,并概括了对清朝外交使节出访的几点影响。更多还原

【Abstract】 Diplomatic is a concrete implementation of the country’s foreign policy, who’s words and deeds represent a direct image of the whole country, and even a direct impact on diplomatic relations between the two countries. China Zhongyuan ancient dynasties are basically good-neighborly friendship and peaceful foreign policy, to neighboring countries and to send a large number of diplomatic power. In ancient times the traffic developed, information-poor cases, diplomatic role is crucial. Therefore, the selection of dynasties paid special attention to the diplomatic corps, making diplomatic corps has become a prominent group, have emerged specializing in the diplomatic staff, such as the Ming Dynasty’s "pedestrian."The Ming Dynasty grand foreign policy has made tremendous contributions. Of which emerged a large number of outstanding diplomats, such as the Yongle period of Zheng He’s voyages, five mission to the Western Regions Chen Cheng, and so on. Study of the Ming Dynasty diplomatic history, the diplomatic corps is a very important aspect in understanding the foreign policy of the Ming Dynasty, as well as contacts with neighboring countries, the situation has helped.This paper is divided into five diplomats from most of the details of the Ming Dynasty, carried out a detailed description of the first part of first introduce the background of the Ming Dynasty diplomats. The Ming Dynasty, is faced with severe internal and external environment is of the Ming government has worked out by virtue of good neighborliness, and harmonious surrounding foreign policy, in this context, a large diplomatic mission to the Ming Dynasty; the second part, introduced the Ming Dynasty diplomatic envoys, in selected circumstances and the mission, from the diplomatic types, selection methods, and candidates, the composition of missions and the mission of a few detailed elaboration; the third part of the treatment of the Ming Dynasty and the diplomatic mission to the road The dangerous, introduced diplomats visit will be the preferential treatment, as well as envoys to visit on the way in a variety of difficulties and dangers encountered; fourth section describes the characteristics of the Ming Dynasty and diplomatic developments, summarized the two major characteristics of the Ming Dynasty and the diplomatic Eunuchs Division of Foreign Affairs and pedestrian settings, but also introduced the diplomatic developments; fifth section describes the achievements of the Ming Dynasty and the Qing Dynasty diplomatic influence on the Ming Dynasty with a diplomatic visit to the political, economic and other benefits to sum up, and a general Qing diplomatic tour of several effects.更多还原