论梁实秋文艺观中的理性精神

【作者】 高娟；

【导师】 周波；

【作者基本信息】 山东师范大学 ， 文艺学， 2010， 硕士

【摘要】 梁实秋作为中国现代文学理论史上具有代表性人物之一,其文艺思想已得到普遍、广泛的研究。从目前的研究现状来看,大多数学者倾向于从“人性二元论”的角度入手对其文艺思想进行解读,而其文艺观中的理性精神并未得到完整的阐释。梁实秋文艺观中的理性精神是对其文艺思想进行研究的重要切入点,因此,本论文采取分析和归纳相结合的方法,从四个方面对其理性精神初步进行探讨。一、文学中的理性精神。“理性”在哲学上具有多侧面的含义,要从多角度对其进行理解;而在中西方文学中“理性”受到了并不相同的待遇,在中国现当代文学中,理性精神派生出与其相关的许多词语,显示其多义性。二、梁实秋文艺观中的理性精神。根据对“理性”一词含义的界定,我们可以将梁实秋文艺观中的理性精神归纳为道德理性精神,具体表现在四个方面:1、文学活动的行为方式:强调理性节制的作用;2、看待文学的态度:理智坚守文学的独立地位;3、文学活动的过程:对普遍性的追求;4、文学的效用:为人生的价值取向。三、梁实秋文艺观中理性精神的来源。梁实秋文艺观中的理性精神并非自创,而是有着清晰的来源。梁实秋的绝大部分理论主张都来自其师欧文·白璧德,因此以欧文·白璧德为代表的新人文主义及整个古典主义都可以说是梁实秋文艺观中理性精神的源头活水;而梁实秋本质上的性格、思想是受儒家思想文化薰染而成,注重伦理节制的儒家文化乃梁实秋文艺观中理性精神的根之土壤。四、梁实秋文艺观中理性精神的价值与不足。梁实秋强调普遍,追求本质,这份理性精神有助于抑制极端,使文学更为深刻;但他又过于强调理性的节制力量,这样他的理性精神又不可避免地陷入了他最为忌讳的极端化,这样的文学也就失去了本该有的活力与魅力。理性精神不仅体现在梁实秋的文艺思想中,也在他的散文创作中实践着,他的雅舍小品就充分贯穿着他所倡导的理性精神。这份理性精神不仅是现代文学史上一笔宝贵的财富,对于当今文学界非理性、反理性呼声甚高的现状,也有着重要的启示意义。更多还原

【Abstract】 Liang Shiqiu is one of the most representative figures in the history of Chinese literary theory. His literary thoughts have been researched extensively. Most scholars tend to study his literary thought from the perspective of“the Dualism of Human Nature”in the current situation of study. However, the Rational Spirit in his literary concepts has not been explained completely. The author believes that the Rational Spirit in Liang’s literary concepts is an important starting point to study his literary thoughts. Therefore, this thesis will combine analysis method and induction method to discuss his rational spirits from the following four perspectives.I. Rational spirit in literatureRational spirit has been studied from different points of view in Chinese and western literature. In Chinese modern and contemporary literature, the meaning of rational spirit has been distorted or enlarged. Therefore, to start with the meaning of“rationality”must be defined before studying it. We can not judge and criticize the existence of rational spirit in a writer’s work until we have a correct understanding of“rationality”as well as the connotation of rational spirit in his works.II. The Rational Spirit in Liang Shiqiu’s literary viewsBased on the definition of“rationality”, we can summarize the Rational Spirit in Liang’s literary views as a unity of cognitive rationality and value rationality demonstrating in the following four aspects:i. In the behavior pattern of literary activity which emphasize the function of rational restriction.ii. In the attitude to literature which believes rationality holds an independent position in literature.iii. In the process of literature which pursues the universality. iv. In the utility of literature which functions for the choosing of value of lifeIII. The source of rational spirit in Liang’s literary viewsThe rational spirit in Liang’s literary views is not initiated by him but has a clear source. Most of Liang’s theories are from his teacher Irving Babbitt. Therefore, the New Humanism and the whole Classicism represented by Irving Babbitt is the source of flowing water of Liang’s Rational Spirit in his literary views. Furthermore, Liang’s character and thoughts are influenced by Confucian culture. Hence, ethics and restriction are the root and earth of Liang’s Rational Spirit in his literary views as well as Confucian culture.IV. The value and weaknesses in Liang’s Rational SpiritLiang lays emphasis on university and pursues nature. This kind of Rational Spirit helps to suppress extreme and deepen literature. However, he stresses the power of rational restriction too much pushing his rational spirit into his most taboo—extreme—inevitably, which consequently strips his literary works of vitality and charm that they should have.The integrated rational spirit of cognitive rationality and value rationality is not only reflected in Liang’s literary thoughts but also in his prose writing. His Ya She Essay is fully permeated with the Rational Spirit he advocated. The rational spirit not only is a valuable wealth in modern literature history but also has an important enlightening significance for the high non-rational and anti-rational voice in today’s literary world.更多还原