【作者】 孙佳为；

【导师】 郭正元；

【作者基本信息】 湖南农业大学 ， 环境科学， 2010， 硕士

【摘要】 55%氟硅唑·多菌灵(1：10)是一种低毒高效的杀菌剂,在农业生产上对果树病害具有内吸治疗的作用。作为一种新型的混配杀菌剂目前在农药公司生产,并逐步销售于农业生产中。以研究其在橘园环境中使用的残留消解行为和毒性效应,国内外尚未见报道。本论文通过研究55%氟硅唑·多菌灵在橘园中的残留消解规律及其对土壤微生态的影响,为其在橘园果树上的合理使用,以及评价其环境安全性和开展生态环境保护提供依据。论文主要内容如下：研究并建立了用气相色谱法和高效液相色谱法分别对橘园环境样品中氟硅唑和多菌灵进行分析的残留检测分析方法。结果表明：在研究条件下,橘园环境样品中氟硅唑和多菌灵残留分析方法的准确度和精密度均达到了农药残留分析要求。研究了氟硅唑和多菌灵在橘园环境中的消解动态,结果表明：(1)氟硅唑和多菌灵在柑橘和橘园土壤中的消解曲线都符合一级动力学方程Ct=Coe-kt；(2)氟硅唑在柑橘和土壤中的半衰期分别为14.88d、14.07d；(3)多菌灵在柑橘和土壤中的半衰期分别为14.25d、10.72d。研究了氟硅唑和多菌灵按生产配比单一成份及其混配后28天内对橘园土壤微生物和土壤酶的影响。结果表明：在施药28天内,氟硅唑(2mg／kg)与多菌灵(20mg／kg)单因子使用后对土壤微生物量、呼吸强度、土壤脲酶活性、蔗糖酶活性均有明显的抑制作用,对土壤过氧化氢酶活性呈激活作用。将氟硅唑(2mg／kg)与多菌灵(20mg／kg)按混配农药的使用剂量混配后,一定程度上降低了单一处理情况对土壤微生物及其土壤酶的毒理效应。更多还原

【Abstract】 55%Flusilazole-Carbendazim (1:10) is a bactericide with high effect and low-toxicity, which used for the disease on fruit trees. Recently, it is produced by some company of pesticide, and distributed in agriculture step by step. As a new mix bactericide, previous studies of its behavior and toxicity after used it in environment of orangery are rarely. In order to comprehensively evaluate environmental security of 55%Flusilazole-Carbendazim and its reasonable application and ecological environmental protection, the degradation behavior of Flusilazole and Carbendazim in orangery and their toxicity to soil microecosystem are studied in this dissertation. The main results are summarized as followed:The residual determination of Flusilazole and Carbendazim in orange samples and soil samples are investigated. Flusilazole with GC, Carbendazim with HPLC. The results shows:in the investigated condition, the extent of nicety and exactitude of the residual determination in orangery samples of Flusilazole and Carbendazim all meet the requirement of pesticide residue determination.The degradation behavior of Flusilazole and Carbendazim in orangery are investigated. The results indicate that:(1) the degradation of Flusilazole and Carbendazim in orange samples and soil of orangery are accordance with first-order dynamic equation Ct=Coe-kt; (2)the half-time of Flusilazole in orange samples and soil samples are 14.88d and 14.07d; (3)the half-time of Carbendazim in orange samples and soil samples are 14.25d and 10.72d;Investigate the effects of Carbendazim and Flusilazole single and combine (based on proportion of production) pollution on soil of orangery microbe and soil-enzyme activities in 28 days. The experiment performs in 28 days, carbendazim(20 mg/kg) and flusilazole(2 mg/kg) single pollution in soil are strongly inhibited the activitity of urease and invertase、soil respiration and quantity of soil microbe, the activity of catalase was activated during test time. After interaction of carbendazim(20 mg/kg) and flusilazole(2 mg/kg) by the interaction of dosage pesticide. To some extent, it reduces the toxicity to soil microbe and soil-enzyme.更多还原