【作者】 杨鹏源；

【导师】 张勤；

【作者基本信息】 长安大学 ， 大地测量学与测量工程， 2010， 硕士

【摘要】 第二次土地调查作为一项重大的国情国力调查,目的是全面查清全国土地利用状况,掌握真实的土地基础数据,并对调查成果实行信息化、网络化管理,建立和完善土地调查、统计制度和登记制度,实现土地资源信息的社会化服务,满足经济社会发展、土地宏观调控及国土资源管理的需要。针对城镇第二次土地调查,本文主要研究了以下几个方面的问题：(1)论述了GPS测量成果所在坐标系—WGS-84世界大地坐标系和我国常用坐标系之间的转换关系,为后续的工程应用奠定基础。GPS测量成果是WGS-84坐标,而我国在工程实际中使用的是工程坐标(地方坐标)、北京54坐标、西安80坐标和正常高,GPS测量成果需经转换才能在工程实际中使用。因此,论文详细讨论了工程测量中常用的国家坐标系、地方平面直角坐标系和CGCS2000国家大地坐标系以及各种坐标系之间的换算关系。同时,为了解决GPS大地高转化为水准正常高的问题,论文还讨论了GPS高程拟合的几种常用模型和方法,推导出了其详细的求解方法。(2)阐述了GPS-RTK技术的原理、作业模式和系统构成,全面分析了影响GPS-RTK作业精度的各种因素,并提出了若干方法和措施来消除或减弱这些因素的影响；同时,还结合工程实际探讨了GPS-RTK技术在土地二调中的应用情况,对GPS-RTK技术的作业方案、技术特点和精度情况作了详细总结。(3)结合我国城镇第二次土地调查工作,对地籍调查中的先进数字化测绘方法进行研究,利用GPS、全站仪、数字化测绘软件和数据库技术等软硬件设备开展了数字地籍二调测量,并对调查区域的土地利用现状进行了分析,为查清土地利用状况、掌握真实的土地基础数据和实现土地调查信息的社会化服务提供了有效的技术支持。更多还原

【Abstract】 The second land investigation, as a major national conditions and strength investigation, the purpose of which is to ascertain the comprehensive land use status, grasp the truth and the basic data of land survey results of information, practice network management, establish and perfect the system of land survey, statistics and registration system, realize the socialization of land resource information services to meet the social and economic development, land macro-control and land resources management needs.For urban second land investigation, the article mainly studied the following problems:(1) Firstly this paper pays more attention to studying the issue of coordinate system and transformation method about GPS data. The result of GPS survey is spatial rectangular coordinates or geodetic coordinates relative to the WGS-84, but the actual result used in the engineering surveying in our country is project (or local) coordinates or Beijing-54 or Xi’an-80 coordinates and normal height. So the result of GPS must be transformed so that it can be used in practical engineering. Hence the geodetic geocentric coordinate system like world geodetic system (WGS-84) which is the frame of GPS surveying data, and the celestial coordinate system which is the frame of GPS satellite ephemeris data has been described and the relationship between the two coordinate systems has been presented. The national reference-ellipsoid-centric coordinate system and local plane coordinates,China Geodetic Coordinate System 2000(CGCS2000) which are the frames of engineering survey has been studied and the relationships in these coordinate systems have been deduced. In the mean time, the relation between the geodetic height which is used in GPS surveying data and the height used in engineering survey has been discussed and the method of transforming height has been generalized, amd some models and methods in common use of coordinates transformation and normal height fitting are introduced and the detail solution to the model is also afforded(2) Secondly this paper discusses the principles,surveying mode and system construction of GPS RTK. The factors which reduce RTK’s surveying accuracy are analyzed across-the-aboard and the ways to eliminate or weaken these factors influence are discussed, the application of RTK technology is studied in the second land investigation. (3) To improve urban land investigation in the second time,we carries out a digital cadastral investigation so that some practice and researeh are taken by means of advanced methods in surveying and mapping.The useful conclusions are achieved from the analysis on the current situation of land use by using GPS,total stations,digital mapping software,data base technology and other equipments.更多还原