【作者】 牟顺；

【导师】 田伟平；

【作者基本信息】 长安大学 ， 防灾减灾与防护工程， 2010， 硕士

【摘要】 随着公路建设的高速发展以及公路交通对经济发展促进作用的日益显著,公路运营的安全和通畅显得十分重要。但由于种种原因,公路设施常常受到路基地质灾害的威胁,给公路交通和社会生活带来严重不利影响。为了提高公路防灾减灾水平,力争在公路的设计、施工、养护管理中做到对灾害早发现早治理,体现以预防为主的减灾方针,本文针对路基地质灾害的识别技术与方法,在全面分析公路路基地质灾害的类型、影响因素、以及路基地质灾害发育机理的基础上,提出了识别的原则、方法以及相应的识别指标,构建了路基地质灾害识别系统的方法和功能格构,为路基地质灾害的管理和防治提供技术参考。本文在广泛收集整理相关文献资料的基础上,总结归纳了路基地质灾害的主要类型和特征,并且针对崩塌、滑坡、路基沉陷三种常见路基地质灾害分析了地形地貌、地层岩性、地质构造、水文地质等外部影响因素。在此基础上,提出了路基地质灾害常用的识别原则和方法。在灾变链式理论的基础上,论述了灾变链式规律的发生发育机理,对路基地质灾害进行阶段划分,将灾害划分为早期孕育阶段、中期潜存阶段和晚期爆发阶段,并分析各阶段表现特征；同时以路基工程地质结构理论为基础,研究了路基外部形态、内部结构面及岩土体工程性质与路基地质灾害的关系；提出了内部路基工程地质结构因素为主导,自然环境为外部诱发因素,内外结合呈现链式阶段性反应的研究思路。最后,在灾变链式反应和路基工程地质结构理论分析的基础上,从灾变的阶段性演化发展的角度对路基地质灾害识别参数进行筛选、分级和量化；提出了路基地质灾害识别系统的整体思路、构架与原理及主要功能。详细论述了识别系统中数据库的建立过程以及成灾与否与灾害类型识别、灾害阶段性识别和灾害危险度识别三步骤的路基地质灾害识别方法。论文体现了对路基地质灾害识别的一些新理论和新思路,提出灾害识别系统的基本功能格构,能够对公路的灾害管理和孕源断链减灾提供参考与借鉴。更多还原

【Abstract】 With high-speed development of road construction and it’s increasingly significant effect for economy, the safety and patency of road were very important. However, due to various reasons, highway facilities were often threatened by geological hazard of subgrade, which caused highway traffic and social economy influence. In order to decrease loss in geological hazard of subgrade, farther measures must be taken in road design, construction and maintain management to keep a lower level of the risk. The thesis has studied the techniques and methods of geological hazard of subgrade, Based on the analyses of types of hazard, influence factors and the mechanism of the development, the thesis put forward the principles, methods of identification and index, and then the methods and function of geological hazard identification system has been constructed which choosed identification indexes, for subgrade of geological disaster prevention management, and providing technical references.On the basis of extensive literature collection, this paper summarises the main types and features of geological disasters in roadbed, and then analyses external influencing factors such as topography and geomorphology, stratigraphic lithology, geological structure, hydrogeology and so on according to collapse, landslides, roadbed subsidence. On this basis, the paper put forward common principles and methods of subgrade geological hazard identification.Based on disaster chain theory, the paper discussed the regularity of disaster chain mechanism, divided subgrade geological hazard into three stages, that early embryonic stage, metaphase imply the stage and outbreaks of late stage, then, analysised characteristics of each stage. Through the research on the subgrade engineering geological structure theory, the paper researched the relationship between the subgrade external morphology, internal structural plane and engineering properties of rock and soil mass and the subgrade geological disasters. The paper put forward new ideas that the study of subgrade geological disasters were leaded by internal subgrade engineering geological structure, natural environment was external factors and they present periodic chain reaction in combination.Finally, this paper studied screening, classification and quantification of parameter from the development stages of disaster chain based on the above and put forward overall thinking, structure, work principle and main function for subgrade geological hazard identification system. Then the paper discussed how to found the identification system of database then, researched the method of identification on three steps that hazard conditions and types, disaster stages and risk in detail.The dissertation expressed new ideas and methods of identification in subgrade geological hazard, put forward the basic function of disaster identification system frame. The author expects that it can be a help in highway disaster management and protection on early stage.更多还原