【作者】 张航泊；

【导师】 周维博；

【作者基本信息】 长安大学 ， 环境工程， 2010， 硕士

【摘要】 延安市县域水资源贫乏、时空分布差异大,水资源利用效率低,随着经济的快速增长,水资源短缺与水环境污染问题日益凸显,严重的制约了延安市县域社会经济的发展,县域水资源开发利用形势十分严峻。为实现以水资源的可持续利用支撑延安市县域社会经济的可持续发展,本文在总结和借鉴前人研究成果的基础上,结合延安市县域水资源开发利用规划项目,对县域水资源丰富程度及经济发展水平进行了定量化研究,在此基础上,通过建立县域水资源可持续评价指标体系,对延安市的宝塔区和富县水资源可持续利用水平进行了分析评价,取得了以下研究成果：(1)分析了研究区域内的降水、径流及水资源特征,并结合社会经济的发展,总结了延安市多年供、用水变化趋势特点。(2)鉴于水资源和经济发展水平在水资源可持续利用中的重要性,本文采用模糊数学理论建立了县域水资源丰富度的评价模型,并对延安市县域单元的水资源丰富度进行了综合评价；同时以2007年为水平年,采用主成分分析法对县域经济水平进行了评价分析,得出了各区、县水资源丰富度及经济水平的定性化、定量化结果。(3)在阐述了水资源可持续利用的基本思想及内涵的基础上,确立了水资源可持续利用复合系统,并根据Bossel提出的可持续发展评价框架及思想,建立了延安市县域水资源可持续利用评价指标体系,从生存、能效、自由、安全、适应、共存六个方面反映和描述整个系统及水资源子系统、社会经济子系统、环境子系统的发展特征,用统一尺度测度系统发展水平。(4)在对水资源丰富度及经济水平评价的基础上,以宝塔区和富县作为典型区域,采用熵值法确定指标权重,从水资源可持续性的发展态势、协调性及公平性三个方面,综合评价了两地1999-2007年水资源的可持续利用水平。评价结果显示,两地水资源的可持续利用水平在逐步提高,但在此期间均不高,宝塔区处于弱可持续利用状态,富县处于不可持续利用状态。(5)结合对典型县域水资源可持续利用的综合评价,本文指出了延安市县域水资源可持续利用过程中所在的问题,并提出了相应的解决措施。更多还原

【Abstract】 The intra-county water resources of Yan’an was short and has large differences in spatial and temporal distribution.The water utilization efficiency was low.Along with the swift growth in economy, the water resources shortage and water environment pollution problems were obvious serious, which severely restricted the development of social economy.The situation of water sustainable utilization was very serious.In order to achieve the object of social and economic sustainable development for intra-county with water resources sustainable utilization, on the base of summarizing and borrowing ideas from the former research results, combining with the project of intra-county water resources development and utilization in Yan’an, the paper conducted the quantitative research to the intra-county water resources and the economic development level.On this basis, by establishing water resources sustainable evaluating indicator system for intra-county water resources, the paper analyzed and evaluated the water resources sustainable degree of utilization in Baota district and Fu county, results were as follows:(1) The characters of rainfall, runoff and water resources in Yan’an were analyzed.The tendency of the water supply and utilization were concluded, considering the social economic development condition.(2) In view of the importance of water resources and the economic level in the water resources sustainable utilization, the fuzzy mathematics theory was used to establish water resources evaluation model, which applied in evaluating the intra-county water resources quantity of Yan’an.Meanwhile, took 2007 as the ordinary year, the PCA method was used to evaluate the intra-county economic level, the qualitative and quantitative result for every counties water resources abundant degree and economic level were obtained.(3)By presented the basic ideas and connotation of water resources sustainable utilization, the water resources multiplexed system and appraisal frame were established which based on Bossel’s basic orientor indicators and sustainable development idea.From six aspects which consisted the survival, the energy efficiency, the freedom, the security, the adaptation and the coexists, to reflect the overall system including the water resources subsystem, the social economy subsystem and the environment subsystem’s development characteristic by unification criterion measure system level of development.(4)Based on the evaluation of water resources abundance degree and economic level, the Baota district and fu county were choose as typical areas.Using the entropy method for determination of weight of evaluating indicators, the paper has comprehensively evaluated the level of water sustainable utilization from development trend, coordination and fairness during 1999 to 2007.The results showed that the levels of water sustainable utilization for two areas were enhancing gradually, but both were low during the periods.The Baota district was at a weak sustainable utilization condition; Fu county was at a unsustainable utilization condition.(5) Based on the evaluation results of typical counties, the paper pointed out the questions which existed in the process of water resources sustainable utilization in intra-county of Yan’an, and put forward the corresponding solution.更多还原