【作者】 张朋耀；

【导师】 杨玉思；

【作者基本信息】 长安大学 ， 环境工程， 2010， 硕士

【摘要】 随着城市建设的发展和人民生活水平的提高,我国长距离输水工程建设发展迅速,但是如何保证长距离输水管道运行安全的问题,在工程技术界引起人们的高度重视。长距离输水管道易发生水柱分离和断流弥合水锤,从而造成严重的水锤危害。故在长距离输水工程中最常见且最突出的问题也就是断流水锤的计算及防护问题。本文在前人的基础上对长距离输水管道中的各种水力流态及各种流态间的相互转化进行了阐述。分析了有压输水管道气囊运动特点,气囊升压危害及管道最佳排气方式,对断流水锤的形成过程进行了深一步的探讨。文中主要阐述了水力过渡过程中常用的特征线法,和发生断流时空腔的类型以及不同类型空腔的计算方法及不同的边界条件进行计算。结合各类边界条件建立了水锤计算的基本数学模型,应用计算机语言编制水锤防护计算的可视化程序,利用计算机进行模拟计算。本文主要以长距离大管径较平坦管线的有无断流水锤计算的结果比较为研究方向。主要通过两种不同的数学计算模型对停泵断流弥合水锤进行计算,进行结果比较。模型一：无论计算管道在水力过渡过程中是否发生水柱分离现象,水锤计算均按不发生断流或者某些边界点发生断流进行计算,即无断流水锤计算模型；模型二,在管道水力过渡过程中,无论任何点发生水柱中断,都按水柱分离水锤模型计算,即断流水锤计算数学模型。通过两种模型在各种相同的条件下的计算结果,进行比较分析不同数学模型对长距离输水管道水力过渡计算精度的影响,并得以结论。本文最后结合珠海平岗输水管线为例进行断流水锤模拟计算。根据两种模型的特点,对各种相同条件下两种模型的计算结果进行了比较,验证了两种模型在断流水锤防护计算过程中的不同的效果,为输水管线做有效的水锤防护提供更为科学的依据。更多还原

【Abstract】 With urban development and the improvement of living standards, China’s rapid development of long distance water supply project construction, but how to ensure the safe operation of long distance pipeline problems in the engineering sector, aroused great attention. Prone to long-distance water column separation and drying of water column separation, resulting in serious water hammer damage. Therefore, long-distance water diversion project in the most common and most prominent problem is the issue of broken water hammer protection.In this paper, based on previous long-distance water pipelines in a variety of hydraulic fluid and a variety of mutual conversion between flow described. Analyzed the movement of pressure pipeline features balloon, balloon boost damage and the best exhaust pipe means, on the broken water hammer in the formation process of a deep step. The paper expounds the commonly used hydraulic transient characteristics method, and the occurrence of drying chamber of the type of space and different types of cavity and different calculation method to calculate the boundary conditions. Combination of various types of boundary conditions established basic mathematical calculation of water hammer model, the language of the preparation of water hammer protection for computer visualization of calculation procedures, using computer simulation.This paper mainly long distance and large diameter pipelines over the availability of off flat water hammer calculation results compared to research. Mainly through two different mathematical models of water hammer pump stops Cavities calculated to compare the results. Model 1:Calculation of pipe regardless of whether the transition process in the hydraulic water column separation occurs, the water hammer calculations Junan no-stop or stop occurred in some border points are calculated, that is, no broken water hammer calculation model; Model 2, in transient pipe flow, both the water column break occurred at any point, are separated by water column model of water hammer, water hammer that is off the mathematical model. There are two models under the same conditions in all calculations, a comparative analysis of different mathematical models on the long-distance pipeline accuracy of hydraulic transition and to conclusions.Finally, Ping Kong of Zhuhai broken water pipes as an example simulation of water hammer. According to the characteristics of the two models, all under the same conditions on the calculation results of the two models were compared to verify the two models in the broken water hammer protection for the calculation of the different effects, for the water line so effective water hammer provide a more scientific basis for protection.更多还原