【作者】 田华；

【导师】 王国庆；

【作者基本信息】 长安大学 ， 机械工程， 2010， 硕士

【摘要】 随着现代加工制造业的发展,既可做精细雕刻,又能做切割的雕铣机得到了较大的发展。它不仅具有高效率的铣削加工能力,同时具有高表面质量的精细雕刻功能,使高效率和高精度得以有机统一。本文设计的小型四轴实验型雕铣机主要用于EPS(可发性聚苯乙烯)或工业用蜡的雕铣。课题来源于陕西省海外留学归国人员重点资助项目,目的是实现通用型控制平台,然后对此平台进行验证和评估。本文首先分析了雕铣机及数控系统的发展现状,并在研究了国内外开放式数控系统的基础上,提出了基于PLC控制的数控系统的应用。然后根据小型四轴实验用雕铣机的特点,提出了雕铣机机械部分的总体设计方案,其中包括雕铣机运动方式、主要直线传动元件、刀具及雕铣方式的选择,然后对各主要零部件进行了设计、计算和选型,用SOLIDWORKS建立了整体机械模型。最后对雕铣机控制系统的硬件及软件展开设计。在硬件设计当中,根据控制对象的结构和控制要求确定了本系统的运动控制方案,对各控制环节进行详细设计和选型,并围绕步进电机运动特性提出了电机升降速控制方案及驱动控制方案。在软件设计当中,完成了直线和圆弧插补算法及流程图设计,并运用GX-DEVELOPER编程软件编制出了XYZ轴点动和XY平面直线和圆弧插补梯形图程序。小型四轴雕铣机的开发设计,具有很深的理论价值和广阔的实用价值,并对其它经济型运动控制方式的研究和机床的数控化改造具有借鉴意义和参考价值。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the development of modern processing and manufacturing industries, the engraving and milling machine which can do fine carving as well as cutting and milling has developed greatly. Because of its high efficient milling capacity and high surface quality of fine carvings, the engraving and milling machine can enable high efficiency and high precision to be an organic unity. The small and experimental four-axis engraving and milling machine designed in this paper is mainly used for the milling of EPS or industrial wax. The topic derived from the key program of the returned students of Shaanxi province and its purpose is to achieve universal control platform and then to verify and evaluate this platform.Firstly, the development status of engraving and milling machine and CNC system are analyzed in this paper, and CNC system controlled by PLC is proposed, which is based on the research status at home and abroad of the open CNC system.Secondly, according to the features of the small and experimental four-axis engraving and milling machine, the general scheme of the mechanical design is advanced, including the selection of the movement pattern, the main linear drive components, the tool and the pattern of engraving and milling. Then, the design,calculation and the choice of the types of the main components are also accomplished. Meanwhile, the mechanical model of the machine is built by using SOLIDWORKS.Finally, the hardware and the software of the control system of the machine is designed. During the designing of the hardware, the motion control scheme is worked out according to the structures of the objects and the control requirements, every link in control chain is designed and chosen in details, and the lifting and decreasing speed scheme and the drive control of the motor is submitted as well based on the motion characteristic of the Stepping motor. In the designing procession of the software, the line, arc interpolation algorithm and the design of the flow chart are accomplished, the independently move of XYZ axis and the line and arc interpolation algorithm in X Y plane are programmed by using the GX-DEVELOPER.The development and design of this machine is of great value in terms of theory and practice, especially, makes references to the research of the economical movement control mode and reform of CNC machine tools.更多还原