【作者】 罗慧芬；

【导师】 唐斌； 苗放；

【作者基本信息】 成都理工大学 ， 地图学与地理信息系统， 2010， 硕士

【摘要】 随着遥感图像处理技术的迅速发展,遥感信息找矿方法已经成为现代找矿技术的主流。对于遥感矿化蚀变信息的提取技术前人已经积累了丰富的经验,随着一些新方法如神经网络、遗传算法以及小波包等发展,相应地引入到遥感信息提取中,产生了光谱匹配滤波、光谱角分类等新的矿化蚀变信息提取方法。围岩蚀变指由于温度、汽液和热液引起的岩石成分和结构构造的变化,是重要的找矿信息,经常生成含铁的金属矿物和含OH ?或CO3 2?的蚀变矿物。由于成矿热液作用,绝大部分内生矿床都有黄铁矿化、绢云母化、碳酸盐化等蚀变现象,而且蚀变范围比矿床要大得多,这就为蚀变信息提取创造了条件。大部分蚀变岩石中含有较多的Fe 3+、OH ?、CO3 2?,这些离子具有特征反射或吸收谱带,而组成造岩矿物的主要化学成分(Si、Al、Mg、O)并不具备上述光谱特征,这便为蚀变信息提取提供了物理基础。本文使用多光谱数据ASTER和高光谱数据Hyperion对东昆仑地区进行了遥感矿化蚀变信息提取方法的研究。首先对研究区的区域地质概况进行了研究,在此基础上按照矿物学分类确定了主要提取的蚀变矿化信息,它们分别是:含硅酸盐矿物(高岭土、绢云母、绿泥石)、含碳酸盐矿物(白云母、方解石)、含金属硫化物(黄铜矿、黄铁矿),分析和总结了研究区蚀变矿物的光谱特征,为遥感矿化蚀变信息提取研究提供了依据;然后对遥感影像进行预处理,主要有去地物干扰和地面反射率反演,作为矿化蚀变信息提取的基础;其次应用多种方法对多光谱数据ASTER提取矿化蚀变信息,包括将高光谱数据的图像处理方法应用于多光谱数据提取矿化蚀变信息,获取了研究区蚀变矿物较为准确的空间分布信息;最后通过对光谱匹配的研究,提出一种高光谱遥感光谱匹配方法,并应用于高光谱数据Hyperion中提取矿化蚀变信息,将提取结果与已提取蚀变信息进行比较。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the rapid development image processing techniques of the remote sensing, the methods of remote sensing have been a mainstream of the modern Ore-hunting indicator method. With the development of the new methods, it applies the extracted remote sensing information, produces new methods of the extracted mineralization alteration information liked spectral angle mapper classify.Wallrock alterations is an important indication for exploitation, it means that the componential, ructural and tectonic change of the rock result from the temperature, fizzwater hydrothermal and hydrothermal. Frequently, the ferriferous metallic mineral and alteration mineral which have OH ?or CO3 2?. Because of hydrothermal ore-forming solution, most of endogenetic deposit have pyrite mineralization, sercitization, carbonizations etc alteration phenomena, moreover, the region of alteration is bigger than deposit, this provides conditions for information extraction of alteration. Most of altered rocks have major Fe 3+,O H ?,C O3 2?. These ion have reflected or absorbed key band, but the chemical constituent of rock-forming mineral (Si, Al, Mg, O) don’t above-mentioned spectral diagnostics, this is the physical foundation of information extraction of alteration.This research is about utilizing the ASTER multispectral data and Hyperspectral remote sensing data to do some research on alteration information extraction in East Kunlun. First do some research on geology about East Kunlun district, according to mineralogy rules we decided do extract alteration information about three types of minerals, they are kaoline, sericite, chlorite, muscovite, calcite, chalcopyrite, pyrite. It analyzes and to summarizes spectral characteristic of alteration information. Then apply all kinds of methods including the method of Hyperspectral remote sensing to extract alteration information and obtained much space distributing information of alteration information. According to the study of spectral match, it proposed a spectral match algorithm about Hyperspectral Remote Sensing and applied the algorithm to extract alteration information. Finally it compared the results and proved that the algorithm is feasible.更多还原