【作者】 王立娟；

【导师】 李录明；

【作者基本信息】 成都理工大学 ， 应用地球物理， 2010， 硕士

【摘要】 三维三分量VSP技术是开发地震中的重点方法之一。但由于三维VSP观测系统的特殊性以及三分量检波器接收系统自身的特点,在三维三分量VSP资料处理中存在许多新的问题,如三分量检波器坐标定位及波场分离处理是首先要解决的问题,这也是VSP处理中的重要任务。本文针对以上两个问题,在分析常规VSP处理方法基础上,结合三维三分量VSP资料特点及波场特征,研究三维VSP三分量检波器坐标旋转定位及波场分离处理方法,在这一过程中还分析了影响波场分离效果的各种因素,并提出了改进方案;在分析各种方法的基础上,文章同时还总结了多种方法的优缺点和不同适用条件;文章最后将多种方法应用于VSP理论模型和实际三维三分量VSP资料的处理,验证了方法的可靠性和有效性。论文的研究工作主要分为以下方面:(1)针对三分量VSP接收系统及资料的特点,分析定向前后的三分量方向及坐标关系,研究直井三分量和斜井三分量(包括零偏和非零偏)坐标旋转方法;其间针对能量特征对水平分量方位角的影响展开讨论,得出水平分量方位角的计算公式。以上工作为后面的波场分离处理打下了良好基础。(2)在分析总结常规VSP波场分离处理方法基础上,结合三维VSP特点及地震波传播的视速度和偏振特性,分别研究τ-p变换、中值滤波以及τ-p变换与偏振分析相结合的波场分离方法;同时分析影响分离效果的各种因素(如参数选择、道间距、假频等等),并提出改进方法;最后比较总结了各种方法的优缺点及适用条件。(3)用射线追踪方法模拟VSP地震记录,将以上方法用于理论记录处理,验证方法可靠性;针对歧口18-2油田P6井VSP三分量实际资料进行旋转定向及波场分离处理,验证方法的有效性。更多还原

【Abstract】 The three-dimensional and three-component VSP technology is one of the key methods in developing seismic. As the speciality of the three-dimensional VSP observation system and the characteristics of three-component receivers system itself, there are many new problems in processing the three-dimensional and three-component VSP data,at the same time,it also is an important task of VSP data processing. In this paper, these two problems are in important position. The article based on the analysising conventional VSP processing, integrated the features of the three-dimensional and three-component VSP data and the characteristics of the wave field and studied the three-dimensional and three-component VSP geophone coordinate rotation positioning and wave field separation approach.The paper also analyzed the various factors that impact the wave field separation results, and proposed the improved scheme. Based on the analysising the various methods,the article also has summarized the advantages and disadvantages of various methods and different application conditions. At last, the article used the every method in VSP theoretical models and real three-dimensional three-component VSP data processing and has verified the reliability and validity of the methods. The research of paper was divided into several steps:(1) For the characteristics of the three-component VSP data receiving system, the paper analyzed the orientation around the direction and coordinate relations between the three components and studied the method of three-component coordinate rotation of vertical and inclined wells (including the zero-bias and non-zero partial). At the same time,the paper has discussed how characteristics of the energy impacted the azimuth of thehorizontal component and has get the formula for calculating the azimuth of horizontal component.All above work has layed the foundation for behind the wave field separation.(2)Based on analyzing and summarizing conventional VSP wavefield separation approaches, in combination with 3D VSP characteristics and the apparent velocity of seismic wave propagation and polarization properties,the paper has reserched the methods ofτ-p transformation、Median filter and method ofτ-p transformation with polarization analysis.The paper has also analyzed the various factors that impact the wave field separation results(such as Preferencing,Track pitch and Alias), and proposed the improved scheme and summarized the advantages and disadvantages of various methods and different application conditions.(3) The paper has analoged VSP seismic record with ray tracing method and processed the theoretical model with these methods to verify the their reliability;Then the article has processed the 3D VSP actual data of P6 well of qikou 18-2 Oilfield in rotation orientation and wave field separation and has verified the effectiveness of the methods.更多还原