【作者】 吴玉；

【导师】 杨武年；

【作者基本信息】 成都理工大学 ， 地图学与地理信息系统， 2010， 硕士

【摘要】 随着世界人口的不断增加,经济社会的发展对能源和各种资源的需求量急剧增加。与此同时,人类对自然资源的过度开发,导致环境污染加剧、人地矛盾日趋尖锐、生态环境日益恶化,人类生存和社会发展面临严重威胁。为了更加深刻的认识人类赖以生存的地球,开展生态环境质量调查与评价研究,是至关人类可持续发展的重大课题,能有效的为区域经济协调发展和生态环境保护提供理论支持和决策依据。若尔盖县位于四川省川西高原北部,地处青藏高原东部边缘地带,是长江黄河重要的水源涵养区和生态功能保护区,地理位置十分重要。但是由于自然和人为双重因素的作用,其生态环境不断恶化,草地沙化、沼泽退化等现象日趋严重。因此,分析和研究若尔盖县生态环境现状,进行生态环境状况评价,探讨影响环境的驱动因素,提出改善若尔盖县生态环境的对策措施,对实现区域社会经济可持续发具有十分重大的意义。本文利用遥感与地理信息系统等相关理论与技术,以TM遥感影像作为主要数据源,建立契合研究区特征的解译标志,构建研究区生态环境本底数据库,通过总结分析前人研究成果,选取压力-状态-响应模型建立指标体系,再利用层次分析法对若尔盖县进行生态环境现状评价,并根据评价结果进行驱动力分析,提出生态环境保护和建设的措施建议。本论文取得的主要成果和创新认识如下:(1)在遥感与地理信息系统理论与技术的支持下,针对研究区地形地貌特征,结合遥感图像处理和实地调查,建立了研究区遥感图像解译标志,运用计算机自动分类和人机交互分类相结合的方式,构建研究区生态环境本底数据库。在此基础上,对研究区土地利用空间分布、土地利用结构、土地利用程度等进行了分析,为研究区生态环境状况评价提供基础数据和背景资料。(2)对生态环境质量评价相关理论进行了研究与总结,选取压力-状态-响应模型作为评价的概念模型,以《生态环境状况评价技术规范》作为评价标准,选取自然、生态、社会经济等多个指标,建立研究区生态环境状况评价标准体系,并结合研究区特点和前人研究总结,对技术规范中个别指数做了相应修改,对其它区域生态环境状况评价具有一定参考价值。(3)根据评价结果,从自然、人文以及生物等多个方面进行研究区驱动力分析,综合分析各种驱动力类型对生态环境的影响,并结合实际,有针对性地提出改善若尔盖县生态环境的对策措施。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the world’s population ceaselessly increasing, economic and social developments has stimulated a sharply increasing demand for energies and resources. Meanwhile, the over exploitation of natural resources results in severe pollutions, fury people-land conflicts and deteriorating ecological environment, threatening human survival and social development. In order to get us a deeper understanding about the earth, it’s necessary to conduct ecological environment investigations and evaluations, which is an important subject concerning human sustainable development and able to provide theoretical supports and references for decision makings about regional economical developments and ecological environment protections.Ruoergai County of Sichuan Province is located in northern part of western Sichuan Plateau, the eastern edge of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. As a water conservation district for Yangtze River and Yellow River and ecological function protected area, its location is very important. However, due to natural and human reasons, it suffers deteriorating ecological environment and growing grassland desertification and marsh degradation. Therefore, for the sake of regional social and economical sustainable development, it’s of great importance to research and assess Ruoergai County’s present ecological environment, explore the driving forces influencing the environment and propose some countermeasures to improve it.Depending on related theories and techniques in Remote Sensing and GIS, the thesis sets up interpreting signs corresponding to the area’s characteristics with TM remote sensing pictures as main data sources, and constructs a basic database of ecological environment in researching areas. Then the thesis selects pressure-state-response model to found an index system by summarizing previous research results, and assesses Ruoergai County’s present ecological environment by means of Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). Finally, the thesis analyses the driving forces according to the evaluation, and proposes countermeasures to protect the ecological environment.The thesis’s main findings are as follow:(1) Focusing the terrain characteristics of the researching area and combining remote sensing pictures processes with local investigations, the thesis sets up interpreting signs for the remote sensing pictures of the areas with the help of the theories and techniques in Remote Sensing and GIS, and constructs a basic database of ecological environment for the areas by means of automated classification in computers as well as classification of human-computer interaction. On the basis of that, the thesis analyses the space distribution, the structures and the level of the area’s land use, providing basic data and background materials for the area’s ecological environment evaluations.(2) By researching and summarizing related theories on ecological environment evaluations, the thesis selects pressure-state-response model to be the evaluation’s concept model. By taking Technical Specifications of Ecological Environment Evaluations as assessing criteria and selecting a number of indexes including nature, ecology, society and economy, etc, the thesis founds an assessing criteria system for the area’s ecological environment. And by combining the area’s characteristics with previous research results, the thesis amends some indexes in Technical Specifications, which has some reference value for other areas’ecological environment evaluations.(3)According to the evaluation, the thesis analyses the driving forces from several aspects such as nature, humanity and biology, comprehensively examines the impacts of each type of driving forces on the ecological environment, and proposes corresponding measures to improve Ruoergai County’s ecological environment in consideration of practice.更多还原