【作者】 彭飞；

【导师】 何强；

【作者基本信息】 重庆大学 ， 城市环境与生态工程， 2010， 硕士

【摘要】 随着城市污水处理程度的深化以及处理率的提高,污泥的产生量也在不断增加,污泥问题已成为当前影响城市发展的一大环境问题。因此,妥善地处理与处置污泥显得尤为必要,现阶段污泥浓缩厌氧消化脱水填埋处置是主要的处理方式。同样,随着城镇化不断推进,城镇生活垃圾的产量也在逐年增加,垃圾中的有机质含量也随着人民生活水平的提高而增加,垃圾堆肥(消化)作为生活垃圾处理(污泥垃圾稳定化)的工艺,具有减少垃圾体积、杀灭病原微生物、改善垃圾性能、产生沼气(厌氧条件下)等优点,并且堆肥后可再度被利用,既能做到节能减排,有达到循环经济的目的,因而一直备受研究者的关注。本文借鉴垃圾堆肥处理方式及污泥的两相一体式浓缩消化处理技术,设计出了生活垃圾和污水处理厂污泥一体化处理反应器,对其运行效能进行试验研究,并根据结果分析对反应器进行优化。生活垃圾和污水处理厂污泥一体化处理反应器有效容积为420L,污泥仓有效容积为220L,设计投配率30%,采用污泥逐步培养法,以10%的投配率启动;垃圾仓有效容积为200L,厌氧发酵处理生活垃圾。试验考察了一体化反应器在启动阶段的运行状况,结果表明垃圾仓pH维持在3～5之间,酸性发酵较活跃,但碱性发酵受到抑制,垃圾发酵成熟所需要的时间需100天以上,且堆肥产物不能利用,但发酵可产生较多的气体(产气量逐渐增大,最大有25L/d),为污泥仓补充搅拌用气体;污泥仓厌氧消化同样受温度的影响较大,出现了较严重的酸化现象,仓内碱度储存不足,产甲烷菌活性受到抑制,VS/TS仅从0.4～0.8下降到0.3～0.45,VSS的去除率在0.18～0.25之间,说明污泥仓消化性能波动较大,持续运行状况不理想,没有达到较好的污泥厌氧消化效果。综上所述,一体化反应器垃圾仓采用厌氧发酵处理垃圾,处理效果与反应器设计初衷不符。通过对一体化反应器的运行结果分析,及考虑到反应器设计上的缺陷,对反应器进行了优化,并对优化反应器的运行效能进行研究。优化反应器有效容积为710L,其中污泥仓有效容积为110L,采用污泥逐步培养法,以10%的投配率启动;垃圾仓的有效容积为600L,采用垃圾好氧堆肥方式处理。试验结果表明,垃圾仓在通风量为0.20m3/min.m3时,发酵产热使垃圾仓也可以很快达到30℃以上,垃圾发酵成熟所需要的时间仅需要20～30天的时间,垃圾仓pH维持在6～7左右,虽然有所波动,但仍然可保证发酵反应的顺利进行;污泥仓温度在5天后即达到了30℃以上,符合中温厌氧消化温度条件,启动过程中反应器内部的pH维持在6.5～7.5之间,碱度在800～2500mg/L之间,表明反应器内产甲烷菌较为活跃,厌氧消化状况良好,当搅拌次数2次/d(30min/次),容积负荷为0.65～1.31KgCOD/m3. d时,反应器排泥含水率降到93%左右,含水率较低,浓缩效果良好,排泥VS/TS由0.45～0.69下降到0.38～0.43,有机物去除率为40%以上,有机物去除率较高,排泥效果较好,这说明反应器运行状况良好,能够满足厌氧消化的需要。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the deepening of the extent to deal with and the increasing of treatment rate, the amount of generated sludge also increased, and the sludge issue has become one of the environment issue affecting urban development. Thus, properly handling and disposal of sludge is necessary,and after anaerobic digestion sludge dewatering landfill is the main approach. Similarly, with the constantly advancing urbanization, the output of domestic refuse is also increasing, and The organic matter content increases with the improvement of people’s living standard, and waste composting (digestion) is the domestic refuse processing technology (stabilization). It can reduce trash volume, kill pathogenic microbes and improve performance, produce biogas garbage (anaerobic conditions), etc. After composted it can use again, and it is energy saving and emission reduction, and it can achieve the purpose of recycling economy, and it has been much concerned. This paper refers composting of domestic refuse and TISID technology, and designs domestic refuse and sewage sludge integrating treatment reactors. Experimental studies have been done to its operation efficiency, and according to the results the reactor is optimized.Effective volume of the reactors is 420L, and effective volume of the sludge storage is 220L. The reacter designs with the feeding rate of 30%, and using sludge gradually cultivation, the reacter starts with the feeding rate of 10%; effective volume of the rsfuse storage is 200L, and the refuse is processed with anaerobic fermentation. Test inspects operation conditions of startup stage in the integrated reactor. Results show that pH of the rsfuse storage is 3-5. Acid fermented is more active, but the alkaline fermentation is restrained. Garbage fermentation time to mature need 100 days, and compost product cannot use, but fermentation can produce more gas(gas production increase gradually, the most 25L/d), it can give gas complement mixing for sludge; anaerobic digestion of the sludge storage also influences by temperature, and appeares more serious acidification phenomenon, and the basicity is insufficient in storage, and methanogens activity is restrained, and VS/TS drops from 0.4~0.8 to 0.3~0.45, and VSS removal rate is between 0.18~0.25. It shows that sludge digestion performance is volatile, and continuous operation condition is not ideal, and sludge anaerobic digestion is not good. Experimental study of integration in the start-up phase reactor operating conditions, the results show that the waste storage pH maintained at between 3 to 5, more active acid fermentation, but the basic fermentation was inhibited, garbage fermentation time needed to mature more than 100 days required , and the compost product can not be used, but the fermentation can produce more gas (gas production increases, the maximum a 25L/d), added to stir the sludge storage gas; sludge anaerobic digestion of the same positions affected by temperature than large, there has been more severe acidification, alkalinity storage warehouse insufficient activity of methanogenic bacteria was inhibited, VS/TS only from 0.4 to 0.8 down to 0.3~0.45, VSS removal rate of 0.18~0.25 shows the performance of sludge digestion and volatile storage, continuous operating conditions are not ideal, did not meet a better effect anaerobic digestion. In summary, the refuse of the integrated reactor is treated by anaerobic fermentation, and the treatment effect is not incompatible with the reactor designed.Through the analysis to operation results of the integrated reactor and regarding to reactor flaws, the reactor was optimized, and operation performance to the optimized reactor is studied. Effective volume of Optimized reactor is 710L, and effective volume of the sludge storage is 220L. And using sludge gradually cultivation, the reacter starts with the feeding rate of 10%; effective volume of the rsfuse storage is 600L, and the refuse is processed with anaerobic fermentation. Through test results, when the rsfuse storage is ventiled to 0.20 m3/min.m3, ferment producing hot can make rsfuse storage quickly reach above 30℃, and the time of refuse fermentation to mature needs only 20~30 days. PH of the rsfuse storage is at 6-7, and although somewhat fluctuations, it still can ensure the fermentation of reaction smooth. Temperature of the sludge in 5 days reaches above 30℃, and it is with conditions of Temperature anaerobic digestion, and with startup of the reactor pH maintain between 6.5~7.5, basicity is between 800~2500mg/L, and it shows that reactor methanogens is more active and anaerobic digestion is in good condition. When mixing number 2 times/d (30min/times) and Volume load for 0.65～1.31 KgCOD/m3.d, moisture content drops to 93%, and it shows concentration effect is good. Through VS/TS drops from 0.45~0.69 to 0.38~0.43 and organics removal rate is above 40%, it shows that organics removal rate is high and row mud effect is good. In summary, the reactor operation condition is very good, and it meet the need of anaerobic digestion.更多还原