【作者】 杜恒；

【导师】 苗伟；

【作者基本信息】 清华大学 ， 材料科学与工程， 2009， 硕士

【摘要】 随着轻型杀伤性武器的发展,一些军事和执法人员的生命面临严重威胁。个体防弹装具中防弹衣的作用举足轻重,开发出性能优良、成本低廉和穿着舒适的防弹材料意义重大。目前的防弹材料主要有金属、陶瓷、纤维和复合材料,综合这些材料的防护性能、工艺条件、成本和研究现状等因素,本文选定SiC陶瓷做为研究对象。采用无压烧结和反应烧结方法制备出六种SiC陶瓷。研究了不同方法制备的SiC陶瓷的抗弯强度、维氏硬度、断裂韧性和抗压强度力学性能参数与其防弹性能之间的关系,结果表明无压烧结和木质SiC陶瓷的力学性能较好,具有较大抗弯强度的SiC陶瓷的防弹性能较好。离子注入可以改进陶瓷表层的力学性能,分别将He离子和B离子注入到SiC陶瓷中,分析结果表明离子注入后SiC陶瓷的维氏硬度普遍增大。B离子注入的增硬效果优于He离子。利用多弧离子镀的方法在SiC陶瓷表面镀制了TiAlN硬质膜,研究了其力学性能和热稳定性能,分析了TiAlN硬质膜对SiC陶瓷防弹性能的影响。利用化学气相沉积方法,在740℃-850℃温度范围内生长了碳纳米管阵列,制备出多层和管簇状碳纳米管结构以及碳纳米管和TiAlN硬质膜的双层结构。通过循环压缩实验,测试了碳纳米管阵列的抗压缩能力。实验结果表明多层碳纳米管阵列具有良好的抗压缩性能。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the development of light weapons of destruction, lots of limbs of the law and soldiers were seriously threatened. The bullet-proof vests played an important part in the individual bullet-proof apparels. It is important that the bullet-proof materials with excellent performances, low costs and comfort for wearing will be developed. At present, bullet-proof materials mainly included metals, ceramics, fibers and composites. By comprehensively considerating bullet-proof performance, process conditions, costs and research status of the bullet-proof materials, SiC ceramics were chosen as the research object in this paper.Six types of SiC ceramics were prepared by pressureless sintering and reaction sintering. The relations between the bullet-proof performance and mechanical properties which contained flexural strength, Vickers hardness, fracture toughness and compressive strength of different types of SiC ceramics were researched. It was shown that pressureless sintered and woody SiC ceramics had better mechanical properties. Meanwhile, the SiC ceramics with high flexural strength had good bullet-proof performance.The mechanical properties of ceramic’s surface could be improved by ion implantation. He ions and B ions were implanted into SiC ceramics respectively. It was shown that Vickers hardness of SiC ceramics increased generally. Moreover, the surface-hardened effect of B ions implantation was better that of He ions implantation.TiAlN films were plated in the surface of SiC ceramics by multi-arc ion plating. The mechanical properties and thermal stability of TiAlN films were researched. Furthermore, the bullet-proof performance of SiC ceramics affected by TiAlN films was analyzed. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) arrays were grown at 740℃-850℃by CVD. Multilayer and pipe cluster structures of CNTs and bilayer structure of TiAlN films and CNTs were prepared. The anti-compression ability of CNTs array was tested under cyclic compression. It was shown that Multilayer CNTs array had good anti-compression property.更多还原