【作者】 周潇儒；

【导师】 朱颖心；

【作者基本信息】 清华大学 ， 土木工程， 2009， 硕士

【摘要】 目前我国建筑节能设计领域仍然存在一些不足与缺憾。首先,过于关注空调采暖负荷而忽视建筑整体能量需求;其次,轻视“源头”控制而强调“下游”操作,结果可能在方案设计阶段就偏离了节能设计的方向;最后,缺乏系统而完善的节能设计导则,特别是方案阶段的设计导则,无法为设计者明确建筑节能设计方向。基于此,本论文重点研究基于整体能量需求的建筑方案阶段节能设计方法,具体开展以下工作。首先,总结和评价了现有的建筑方案阶段节能设计方法及节能设计导则的形式,并在此基础上,确立了以“建立能量需求简化预测模型——基于最优化方法的节能建筑设计——方案阶段节能设计导则”的研究路线。其次,在稳态公式、模拟拟合等方法基础上建立建筑整体能量需求预测模型(简称AEDPM)。包括围护结构负荷贡献量、暖通空调(HVAC)负荷、HVAC系统综合效率、照明能耗等多个预测模型。其中的围护结构负荷贡献量及HVAC负荷预测模型在前人研究基础上,引入了对间歇空调、夜间通风辐射等多项修正,并与建筑能耗与热环境模拟软件DeST进行了比较验证。HVAC系统综合效率模型通过总结实际系统能耗调研数据和常见系统形式的特点建立。照明能耗预测模型通过采光节能计算软件Daysim模拟拟合成经验公式后建立。第三,基于遗传算法和AEDPM,建立了能自动生成满足建筑方案基本要求的最节能方案生成程序(简称MEESG),并利用详细模拟软件验证了不同气象条件下的最优节能方案。然后,利用MEESG研究了照明能耗对建筑节能方案的影响,分析了不同气象条件、不同建筑类型条件下最节能方案的设计措施。最后,研究方案阶段节能设计导则的制定方法,提出利用“基于最优方案的敏感性分析”建立节能设计导则。导则主要向设计者提供两点信息,一是各设计因素的优化趋势类别,用于指导优化设计的方向,二是各设计因素的设计特征量——区间弹性,用于明确优化设计的收益。本研究建立了一套建筑方案阶段节能设计方法体系,探讨了方案阶段节能设计导则的形式,有助于推动建筑节能技术在建筑方案设计阶段中的应用。更多还原

【Abstract】 At present, there are still some deficiencies in the field of energy-saving building design. First, HVAC load is overemphasized, hence embodied building energy demand is neglected. Second, the consideration of energy saving in early design stages is often ignored, and the aided design tools cannot be well introduced into scheme design stage. Third, there is a lack of systematic energy-saving building design guidelines, especially the ones for scheme design stage. Based on it, this paper mainly focuses on energy saving design method considering embodied energy demand in the scheme design stage. The following research is carried out.First, existing research of building energy-saving method in scheme design stage is summarized and evaluated. And a research route of“establish simplified energy demand predication model—develop optimization-method-based scheme design approach—study on the form of design guidelines”is determined.Second, a building embodied energy demand predication model“AEDPM”is established, which includes some sub-models of building envelope load, HVAC load, HVAC system integrated efficiencies and lighting energy consumption, etc. Of them, the building envelope load model is developed by introducing some corrections for intermittent air-conditioning, nighttime ventilation/radiation conditions, etc, into the existing models established by former researchers, and is validated by dynamic building thermal simulation software DeST. The HVAC system efficiency predication model is built by summarizing practical system energy consumption data and common system types’characteristics. And lighting energy consumption predication model is built by empirical formulas curve-fitted from daylighting energy-saving simulation by Daysim.Third, based on genetic algorithm, a program (named MEESG), which can automatically generate most energy-efficient building scheme under scheme’s fundermental demands and restrictions, is developed and validated. Then, the influence on optimal building scheme with the introduction of lighting energy demand is studied using MEESG, and several case studies for different climate zone and building type are carried out to explain the application of MEESG.Finally, establishing method and manifestation of the energy-saving building design guidelines for scheme design stage is studied. The guidelines are established by“sensitivity analysis basing on the optimal building scheme”. It provides designers two types of information, one is the“optimazing trend type”of each design factor, which illustrates the design direction of the factor, the other is the characteristic value of each design factor—interval elasticity, which illustrates the benefit of each design factor’s optimazing design.To summarize, this paper establishes an energy-saving building design method system for scheme design stage, and studied the methodology and manifestation of energy saving design guidelines for this stage. The research may help promote the application of energy-saving technologies in building’s design process, especially the scheme design process.更多还原