【作者】 李艳红；

【导师】 杨丽原；

【作者基本信息】 济南大学 ， 水文学及水资源， 2010， 硕士

【摘要】 南四湖是南水北调东线工程的重要输水通道和调蓄湖泊,其水质污染治理已成为迫切需要解决的问题。本文在对南四湖水质调查监测的基础上,采用数学方法对南四湖进行水质和富营养化评价,并对主要污染物的空间分布规律进行了分析,提出南四湖的污染控制对策。主要研究内容如下:(1)采用模糊数学方法对南四湖四个湖区进行水质评价,选取溶解氧、高猛酸盐指数、化学需氧量、氨氮和总磷作为评价指标。根据地表水环境质量标准,确定了四个湖区的水质类型,南四湖下级湖水质优于上级湖,处于Ⅰ类、Ⅱ类。2008年8月上级湖中南阳湖是Ⅲ类水,独山湖和昭阳湖是Ⅱ类水,到2008年12月,独山湖水质改善,成为Ⅰ类水,昭阳湖水质变为Ⅲ类。在2009年7月,上级湖湖区水质恶化,分别变为Ⅳ类、Ⅲ类和Ⅴ类水,而到2009年10月,水质变好,上级湖水质成Ⅰ类。(2)采用综合营养状态指数法对南四湖四个湖区进行富营养化评价,选取叶绿素a、总磷、总氮、透明度和高猛酸盐指数作为评价指标,并用Surfer绘图软件直观地描绘出南四湖富营养化综合营养指数的空间分布。根据湖泊富营养化分级评价标准,确定四个湖区的富营养化程度,上级湖的富营养程度要高于下级湖,南阳湖在2008年两次评价中都处于中营养,到2009年富营养程度有所减缓,处于贫营养。独山湖在2009年综合营养状态指数要高于2008年,且2009年10月达到了中营养程度。昭阳湖和微山湖在2008年和2009年都处于贫营养程度,但昭阳湖的污染程度比微山湖严重。(3)采用Surfer绘图软件将影响南四湖富营养程度的主要指标叶绿素a、总磷、总氮、高猛酸盐指数等主要污染物的空间分布进行可视化,并从南四湖入湖河流角度分析研究南四湖污染物浓度的分布特征,寻找南四湖不同区域发生富营养化的主要因子。在分布图中,上级湖的污染物浓度整体高于下级湖,四个湖区由北向南,南阳湖污染物浓度最高,其次是独山湖和微山湖,昭阳湖浓度最低。(4)根据南四湖上级湖的实际情况,利用地表水模拟系统中的RMA2和RMA4模块,建立上级湖的水动力模型和水质模拟模型,通过对丰水期流场和水质的模拟,了解丰水期的污染物运行规律。由污染物浓度分析可知,由入湖河流流入上级湖的污染物在前期对南阳湖的影响较大,短时间内污染物的浓度就会达到最大,在后期对独山湖、昭阳湖的影响大,污染物浓度不断富集。根据上级湖污染物的运行规律,结合南四湖的水质和富营养化评价结果,从入湖污染物削减、富营养化防治、底泥污染释放控制等方面,提出了具体可操作实施的水质改善和保护对策,为南四湖污染治理和实现南水北调东线的水质目标提供了依据。更多还原

【Abstract】 As an important transmission channel and storage lake of South To North Water Transfer Project in Shandong Province,Nansihu Lake is facing a great challenge to guarantee the water safety in this project, and the control of water pollution has become an urgent problem to solve. In this paper, mathematic methods are adopted to evaluate the water quality and eutrophication on the base of the investigation and inspecting, also the spatial distribution of the main pollutants is researched and analyzed, so that we can provide some useful control measures of the pollution in Nansihu Lake. The main contents of this research are as follows:(1) In this paper, fuzzy mathematics is adopted to evaluate the water quality, and select DO, CODMn, COD, NH3-N and TP as the evaluate indices. According to the standards of environmental water quality, the type of water quality is determined. The water quality of Lower Lake is better than Upper Lake. The water quality of Nanyanghu Lake isⅢ-type water in Aug. 2008, while Dushanhu Lake and Zhaoyanghu Lake areⅡ-type water. In Dec. 2008, the water quality of Dushanhu Lake is changed better which wasⅠ-type water, Zhaoyanghu Lake is changed toⅢ-type water. The water quality of Upper Lake is deteriorated in July 2009, and changes better in Oct. 2009, which isⅠ-type water.(2) TSI method is adopted to evaluate the eutrophication in Nansihu Lake, and select Chl.a, TP, TN, SD and CODMn as the evaluate indices, also visualize the concentration of pollutants using the Surfer plotting software. According to the classificate criterion, the degree of eutrophication can determined. The Nanyanghu Lake is mesotrophication in 2008, and the degree of eutrophication is reduced in 2009, which is oligotrophication. The TSI of Dushanhu Lake in 2009 is larger than that in 2008, and it has become mesotrophication in Oct. 2009. Zhaoyanghu Lake and Weishanhu Lake are oligotrophication in 2008 and 2009, but the pollute degree of Zhaoyanghu Lake is more serious than Weishanhu Lake.(3) In order to study the main factors of influencing the water quality of Nansihu Lake,Surfer is adopted in this paper to visualize the spatial distribution of concentration of Chl.a、TP、TN、CODMn which affecting the level of eutrophication, and also analyze the distribution of the pollutants which will contribute to Nansihu Lake Pollution Control. In the figure of spatial distribution, the concentration of pollutants in Upper Lake is higher than the Lower Lake. Nanyanghu Lake has the highest concentration of the pollutants, then Dushanhu Lake and Weishanhu Lake, Zhaoyanghu Lake has the lowest pollutant concentration.(4) The hydrodynamic model and water quality simulation model are established using RMA2 and RMA4 modules of SMS basing on the actual situation of Upper Lake. Through the simulation of hydrodynamic and water quality in the flood season, we can realize the moving rules of the pollution. Seen from the analysis of pollutant concentration, the pollutants flowing into Lake is affected Nanyanghu Lake largely in the early time, and its concentration will reached to the largest soon. And it affects Dushanhu Lake and Zhaoyanghu Lake largely in the later time, the pollutant is enriched gradually.Pollution control countermeasures for Nansi Lake are presented in this paper from the aspects of pollutants reduction flowing in the lake, eutrophication control and sediment release control according to the moving rules of the pollution. Moreover,this paper provides technological support for pollution control in East Route Project of South To North Water Transfer Project in combination with the evaluation results of water quality and eutrophication.更多还原